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首页> 外文期刊>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >Mosquitoes smell and avoid the insect repellent DEET
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Mosquitoes smell and avoid the insect repellent DEET

机译：蚊子闻起来并避免驱蚊DEET

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The insect repellent DEET is effective against a variety of medically important pests, but its mode of action still draws considerable debate. The widely accepted hypothesis that DEET interferes with the detection of lactic acid has been challenged by demonstrated DEET-induced repellency in the absence of lactic acid. The most recent hypothesis suggests that DEET masks or jams the olfactory system by attenuating electrophysiological responses to 1-octen-3-ol. Our research shows that mosquitoes smell DEET directly and avoid it. We performed single-unit recordings from all functional ORNs on the antenna and maxillary palps of Culex quinquefasciatus and found an ORN in a short trichoid sensillum responding to DEET in a dose-dependent manner. The same ORN responded with higher sensitivity to terpenoid compounds. SPME and GC analysis showed that odor-ants were trapped in conventional stimulus cartridges upon addition of a DEET-impregnated filter paper strip thus leading to the observed reduced electrophysiological responses, as reported elsewhere. With a new stimulus delivery method releasing equal amounts of 1-octen-3-ol alone or in combination with DEET we found no difference in neuronal responses. When applied to human skin, DEET altered the chemical profile of emanations by a "fixative" effect that may also contribute to repellency. However, the main mode of action is the direct detection of DEET as indicated by the evidence that mosquitoes are endowed with DEET-detecting ORNs and corroborated by behavioral bioassays. In a sugar-feeding assay, both female and male mosquitoes avoided DEET. In addition, mosquitoes responding only to physical stimuli avoided DEET.
机译：驱蚊DEET对多种医学上重要的害虫均有效，但其作用方式仍引起很多争议。 DEET干扰乳酸检测的广泛接受的假设已被证明的在不含乳酸的情况下DEET诱导的驱避性所质疑。最新的假设表明，DEET通过减弱对1-octen-3-ol的电生理反应来掩盖或阻塞嗅觉系统。我们的研究表明，蚊子直接闻到DEET并避免了。我们在库克斯库克斯库克斯触角和上颚上的所有功能性ORN上进行了单单位记录，并在短三线虫感器中发现了对DEET呈剂量依赖性反应的ORN。相同的ORN对萜类化合物的敏感性更高。 SPME和GC分析表明，添加DEET浸渍的滤纸条后，气味剂被捕获在常规的刺激盒中，从而导致观察到的电生理反应降低，这在其他地方已有报道。通过一种新的刺激释放方法，单独或与DEET结合释放等量的1-octen-3-ol，我们发现神经元反应没有差异。当应用于人体皮肤时，DEET通过“固定”效应改变了散发的化学特征，这种固定效应也可能有助于驱避。但是，主要作用方式是直接检测DEET，证据表明蚊子具有检测DEET的ORN，并且通过行为生物分析得到了证实。在喂糖试验中，雌性和雄性蚊子均避免食用DEET。另外，仅对身体刺激产生反应的蚊子避免了DEET。

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