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首页> 外文期刊>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >The hearing gene Prestin reunites echolocating bats
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The hearing gene Prestin reunites echolocating bats

机译：听力基因Prestin使回声蝙蝠团聚

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The remarkable high-frequency sensitivity and selectivity of the mammalian auditory system has been attributed to the evolution of mechanical amplification, in which sound waves are amplified by outer hair cells in the cochlea. This process is driven by the recently discovered protein prestin, encoded by the gene Prestin. Echolocating bats use ultrasound for orientation and hunting and possess the highest frequency hearing of all mammals. To test for the involvement of Prestin in the evolution of bat echolocation, we sequenced the coding region in echolocating and nonecholocating species. The resulting putative gene tree showed strong support for a monophy-letic assemblage of echolocating species, conflicting with the species phylogeny in which echolocators are paraphyletic. We reject the possibilities that this conflict arises from either gene duplication and loss or relaxed selection in nonecholocating fruit bats. Instead, we hypothesize that the putative gene tree reflects convergence at stretches of functional importance. Convergence is supported by the recovery of the species tree from alignments of hydrophobic trans-membrane domains, and the putative gene tree from the intra- and extracellular domains. We also found evidence that Prestin has undergone Darwinian selection associated with the evolution of specialized constant-frequency echolocation, which is characterized by sharp auditory tuning. Our study of a hearing gene in bats strongly implicates Prestin in the evolution of echolocation, and suggests independent evolution of high-frequency hearing in bats. These results highlight the potential problems of extracting phylogenetic signals from functional genes that may be prone to convergence.
机译：哺乳动物听觉系统卓越的高频灵敏度和选择性归因于机械放大的演变，其中声波被耳蜗中的外毛细胞放大。这个过程是由最近发现的蛋白质Prestin（由Prestin基因编码）驱动的。回声蝙蝠使用超声波进行定向和狩猎，并拥有所有哺乳动物中最高频率的听力。为了测试Prestin在蝙蝠回声定位过程中的参与，我们对回声定位和非回声定位物种的编码区进行了测序。得到的推定基因树显示出对回声定位物种的单亲组合的强烈支持，这与回声定位器是共生的物种系统发育相冲突。我们拒绝这种冲突可能是由于基因复制和丢失或在非定位果蝠中随意选择而引起的。相反，我们假设推定的基因树在功能重要性方面反映出收敛性。从疏水性跨膜结构域的比对恢复物种树，以及从细胞内和细胞外结构域推定的基因树支持聚合。我们还发现有证据表明，Prestin经历了达尔文式的选择，该选择与特定的恒定频率回声定位的演变有关，该特征以急剧的听觉调谐为特征。我们对蝙蝠听力基因的研究强烈暗示了Prestin与回声定位的进化有关，并暗示了蝙蝠高频听力的独立进化。这些结果突出了从功能基因中提取系统发育信号的潜在问题，这些信号可能趋于收敛。

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