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首页> 外文期刊>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >Parasitic inhibition of cell death facilitates symbiosis
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Parasitic inhibition of cell death facilitates symbiosis

机译：细胞死亡的寄生抑制促进共生

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摘要

Symbiotic microorganisms have had a large impact on eukaryotic evolution, with effects ranging from parasitic to mutualistic. Mitochondria and chloroplasts are prime examples of symbiotic microorganisms that have become obligate for their hosts, allowing for a dramatic extension of suitable habitats for life. Out of the extraordinary diversity of bacterial endosymbionts in insects, most are facultative for their hosts, such as the ubiquitous Wolbachia, which manipulates host reproduction. Some endosymbionts, however, have become obligatory for host reproduction and/or survival. In the parasitoid wasp Asobara tabida the presence of Wolbachia is necessary for host oogenesis, but the mechanism involved is yet unknown. We show that Wolbachia influences programmed cell death processes (a host regulatory feature typically targeted by pathogens) in A. tabida, making its presence essential for the wasps' oocytes to mature. This suggests that parasite strategies, such as bacterial regulation of host apoptosis, can drive the evolution of host dependence, allowing for a swift transition from parasitism to mutualism.
机译：共生微生物对真核生物进化有很大影响，其影响范围从寄生到共生。线粒体和叶绿体是共生微生物的主要例子，它们已经成为宿主的必需品，从而极大地扩展了适合生活的栖息地。由于昆虫细菌内共生体的非同寻常的多样性，大多数昆虫对它们的寄主具有着迷性，例如操纵宿主繁殖的无处不在的沃尔巴克氏菌。然而，某些共生共生体已成为宿主繁殖和/或存活所必须的。在寄生类黄蜂Asobara tabida中，Wolbachia的存在是宿主卵子发生所必需的，但所涉及的机制尚不清楚。我们显示，Wolbachia影响了烟曲霉的程序性细胞死亡过程（通常由病原体靶向的宿主调控功能），使其存在对于黄蜂卵母细胞成熟至关重要。这表明寄生虫策略，例如宿主凋亡的细菌调控，可以驱动宿主依赖性的演变，从而实现从寄生虫向共生的快速转变。

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