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How personal experience modulates the neural circuitry of memories of September 11

机译：个人经历如何调节9月11日记忆的神经回路

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摘要

Brown and Kulik [Brown R, Kulik J (1977) Cognition 5:73-99] introduced the term "flashbulb memory" to describe the recall of shocking, consequential events such as hearing news of a presidential assassination. They proposed that the vivid detail of such memories results from the action of a unique neural mechanism. in the present study of personal recollections of the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001 (9/11) in New York City, we combine behavioral and brain imaging techniques, with two goals: (i) to explore the neural basis of such memories and (ii) to clarify the characteristics of the emotional events that may give rise to them. Three years after the terrorist attacks, participants were asked to retrieve memories of 9/11, as well as memories of personally selected control events from 2001. At the time of the attacks, some participants were in Downtown Manhattan, close to the World Trade Center; others were in Midtown, a few miles away. The Downtown participants exhibited selective activation of the amygdala as they recalled events from 9/11, but not while they recalled control events. This was not the case for the Midtown participants. Moreover, only the Downtown participants reported emotionally enhanced recollective experiences while recalling events from 9/11, as compared with control events. These results suggest that close personal experience may be critical in engaging the neural mechanisms that underlie the emotional modulation of memory and thus in producing the vivid recollections to which the term flashbulb memory is often applied.
机译：Brown and Kulik [Brown R，Kulik J（1977）Cognition 5：73-99]引入了“闪光灯记忆”一词，以描述令人震惊的后果性事件的回忆，例如听到总统暗杀的新闻。他们提出，这种记忆的生动细节来自独特的神经机制的作用。在本篇有关2001年9月11日在纽约市发生的恐怖袭击的个人回忆的研究中，我们结合了行为和大脑成像技术，并实现了两个目标：（i）探索此类记忆的神经基础；以及（ii）阐明可能引起这些情绪事件的特征。恐怖袭击发生三年后，参与者被要求检索9/11的记忆以及2001年以来的一些个人控制事件的记忆。在袭击发生时，一些参与者位于曼哈顿市中心，靠近世界贸易中心;其他人则在几英里外的中城。市区参与者在回忆9/11事件时表现出对杏仁核的选择性激活，但在回忆控制事件时却没有。中城参与者不是这种情况。此外，与控制事件相比，只有市中心的参与者在回忆9/11事件时报告了情绪增强的回忆体验。这些结果表明，亲密的个人经历可能对参与构成记忆的情感调节的神经机制至关重要，因此在产生经常被称为“闪光灯记忆”的生动回忆中也很重要。

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