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首页> 外文期刊>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >Helical microtubule arrays in a collection of twisting tubulin mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana
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Helical microtubule arrays in a collection of twisting tubulin mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana

机译：拟南芥扭曲微管蛋白突变体集合中的螺旋微管阵列

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摘要

Anisotropic expansion of plant cells requires organized arrays of cortical microtubules. Mutations in microtubule-associated proteins and a particular mutation in α-tubulins were reported to cause abnormal microtubule arrays and result in helical growth in Arabidopsis thaliana. However, the way in which these mutations affect the organization of microtubules remains unknown. We here identified 32 Arabidopsis twisting mutants that have either missense or amino acid deletion mutations in α- or β-tubulins. Mutations were mapped to the GTPase-activating region in α-tubulin, intra- and interdimer interfaces of tubulin heterodimers, and lateral contact regions among adjacent protofilaments. These dominant-negative tubulin mutants were incorporated into the microtubule polymer and formed shallow helical arrays of distinct handedness along the long axis of the root epidermal cells. A striking correlation exists between the direction in which cortical helical arrays are skewed and the growth direction of elongating roots. The GTPase-activating-region mutant had left-handed helical arrays composed of highly stabilized microtubules, which could be decorated along the entire microtubule lattices with the otherwise tip-localized End Binding 1 protein. A mutation at the intradimer interface, on the other hand, generated highly dynamic microtubules and right-handed helical arrays. Cortical microtubules in wild type and these two tubulin mutants were composed mainly of 13 protofilaments. This comprehensive analysis of tubulin mutations provides insights into the mechanism by which tubulin structures influence microtubule dynamics and organization.
机译：植物细胞的各向异性扩增需要有序排列的皮质微管阵列。据报道，微管相关蛋白的突变和α-微管蛋白的特定突变会引起异常的微管阵列，并导致拟南芥中螺旋生长。但是，这些突变影响微管组织的方式仍然未知。我们在这里鉴定了32个拟南芥扭曲突变体，它们在α-或β-微管蛋白中都有错义或氨基酸缺失突变。突变被映射到α-微管蛋白中的GTPase激活区域，微管蛋白异二聚体的内部和内部二聚体界面以及相邻原丝之间的侧向接触区域。将这些显性阴性微管蛋白突变体掺入微管聚合物中，并沿着根表皮细胞的长轴形成具有独特螺旋性的浅螺旋阵列。皮质螺旋排列偏斜的方向与根伸长的生长方向之间存在惊人的相关性。 GTPase激活区域突变体具有由高度稳定的微管组成的左手螺旋形阵列，这些阵列可以沿整个微管晶格进行修饰，否则会出现末端定位的End Binding 1蛋白。另一方面，二聚体内界面的突变产生了高度动态的微管和右旋螺旋阵列。野生型的皮质微管和这两个微管蛋白突变体主要由13个原丝组成。对微管蛋白突变的全面分析提供了对微管蛋白结构影响微管动力学和组织的机制的见解。

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