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首页> 外文期刊>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >The new mutation theory of phenotypic evolution
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The new mutation theory of phenotypic evolution

机译：表型进化的新突变理论

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Recent studies of developmental biology have shown that the genes controlling phenotypic characters expressed in the early stage of development are highly conserved and that recent evolutionary changes have occurred primarily in the characters expressed in later stages of development. Even the genes controlling the latter characters are generally conserved, but there is a large component of neutral or nearly neutral genetic variation within and between closely related species. Phenotypic evolution occurs primarily by mutation of genes that interact with one another in the developmental process. The enormous amount of phenotypic diversity among different phyla or classes of organisms is a product of accumulation of novel mutations and their conservation that have facilitated adaptation to different environments. Novel mutations may be incorporated into the genome by natural selection (elimination of preexisting genotypes) or by random processes such as genetic and genomic drift. However, once the mutations are incorporated into the genome, they may generate developmental constraints that will affect the future direction of phenotypic evolution. It appears that the driving force of phenotypic evolution is mutation, and natural selection is of secondary importance.
机译：发育生物学的最新研究表明，控制在发育早期表达的表型特征的基因是高度保守的，并且最近的进化变化主要发生在发育晚期表达的特征上。即使控制后一个特征的基因通常也是保守的，但是在密切相关的物种内部和之间存在很大的中性或近乎中性的遗传变异。表型进化主要通过在发育过程中相互相互作用的基因突变而发生。不同种类或种类的有机体之间巨大的表型多样性是新突变积累和保护的产物，这些突变促进了对不同环境的适应。可以通过自然选择（消除先前存在的基因型）或通过随机过程（例如遗传和基因组漂移）将新的突变掺入基因组。但是，一旦将突变整合到基因组中，它们可能会产生发育限制，从而影响表型进化的未来方向。看来表型进化的驱动力是突变，而自然选择次要。

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