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首页> 外文期刊>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >Plant domestication, a unique opportunity to identify the genetic basis of adaptation
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Plant domestication, a unique opportunity to identify the genetic basis of adaptation

机译：植物驯化，这是确定适应遗传基础的独特机会

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摘要

Despite the fundamental role of plant domestication in human history and the critical importance of a relatively small number of crop plants to modern societies, we still know little about adaptation under domestication. Here we focus on efforts to identify the genes responsible for adaptation to domestication. We start from a historical perspective, arguing that Darwin's conceptualization of domestication and unconscious selection provides valuable insight into the evolutionary history of crops and also provides a framework to evaluate modern methods used to decipher the genetic mechanisms underlying phenotypic change. We then review these methods, framing the discussion in terms of the phenotype-genotype hierarchy. Top-down approaches, such as quantitative trait locus and linkage disequilibrium mapping, start with a phenotype of interest and use genetic analysis to identify candidate genes. Bottom-up approaches, alternatively, use population genetic analyses to identify potentially adaptive genes and then rely on standard bioinformatics and reverse genetic tools to connect selected genes to a phenotype. We discuss the successes, advantages, and challenges of each, but we conclude that bottom-up approaches to understanding domestication as an adaptive process hold greater promise both for the study of adaptation and as a means to identify genes that contribute to agronomically important traits.
机译：尽管植物驯化在人类历史中起着根本性的作用，而且相对少量的农作物对现代社会至关重要，但我们对驯化下的适应仍然知之甚少。在这里，我们集中精力确定负责适应驯化的基因。我们从历史的角度出发，认为达尔文对驯化和无意识选择的概念化为农作物的进化史提供了宝贵的见识，也为评估用来破译表型变化的遗传机制的现代方法提供了框架。然后，我们回顾这些方法，根据表型-基因型层次结构对讨论进行框架。自上而下的方法，例如定量性状基因座和连锁不平衡图谱，从感兴趣的表型开始，并使用遗传分析来识别候选基因。自下而上的方法，或者，使用群体遗传分析来识别潜在的适应性基因，然后依靠标准的生物信息学和反向遗传工具将所选的基因与表型联系起来。我们讨论了每种技术的成功，优势和挑战，但我们得出的结论是，自下而上的将驯化理解为一种适应性过程的方法，对于适应性研究以及作为鉴定有助于农学重要性状的基因的手段都具有更大的希望。

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