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首页> 外文期刊>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >Glucocorticoids reduce phobic fear in humans
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Glucocorticoids reduce phobic fear in humans

机译：糖皮质激素减少人类恐惧症

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Phobias are characterized by excessive fear, cued by the presence or anticipation of a fearful situation. Whereas it is well established that glucocorticoids are released in fearful situations, it is not known whether these hormones, in turn, modulate perceived fear. As extensive evidence indicates that elevated glucocorticoid levels impair the retrieval of emotionally arousing information, they might also inhibit retrieval of fear memory associated with phobia and, thereby, reduce phobic fear. Here, we investigated whether acutely administrated glucocorticoids reduced phobic fear in two double-blind, placebo-controlled studies in 40 subjects with social phobia and 20 subjects with spider phobia. In the social phobia study, cortisone (25 mg) administered orally 1 h before a socio-evaluative stressor significantly reduced self-reported fear during the anticipation, exposure, and recovery phase of the stressor. Moreover, the stress-induced release of cortisol in placebo-treated subjects correlated negatively with fear ratings, suggesting that endogenously released cortisol in the context of a phobic situation buffers fear symptoms. In the spider phobia study, repeated oral administration of cortisol (10 mg), but not placebo, 1 h before exposure to a spider photograph induced a progressive reduction of stimulus-induced fear. This effect was maintained when subjects were exposed to the stimulus again 2 days after the last cortisol administration, suggesting that cortisol may also have facilitated the extinction of phobic fear. Cortisol treatment did not reduce general, phobia-unrelated anxiety. In conclusion, the present findings in two distinct types of phobias indicate that glucocorticoid administration reduces phobic fear.
机译：恐惧症的特征是过度恐惧，由于存在或预期到可怕的情况而引起。众所周知，糖皮质激素会在可怕的情况下释放，但尚不清楚这些激素是否会反过来调节人们的恐惧感。大量证据表明，糖皮质激素水平升高会损害情绪唤醒信息的检索，因此它们也可能会抑制恐惧症与恐惧症的关联，从而减少恐惧症。在这里，我们在40例社交恐惧症患者和20例蜘蛛恐惧症患者的两项双盲，安慰剂对照研究中，调查了急性给予糖皮质激素是否能减轻恐惧恐惧感。在社交恐惧症研究中，在进行社会评估的应激源前1小时口服可的松（25 mg），可在应激源的预期，暴露和恢复阶段显着减少自我报告的恐惧。此外，在安慰剂治疗的受试者中，压力诱导的皮质醇释放与恐惧等级呈负相关，这表明在恐惧的情况下内源性释放的皮质醇可以缓解恐惧症状。在蜘蛛恐惧症研究中，在暴露于蜘蛛照片前1小时反复口服皮质醇（10 mg），但不口服安慰剂，可逐渐减少刺激引起的恐惧。在最后一次给予皮质醇后2天，受试者再次受到刺激时，这种效果得以维持，这表明皮质醇也可能促进了恐惧恐惧的消退。皮质醇治疗并没有减少与恐惧症无关的一般性焦虑。总之，目前在两种不同类型的恐惧症中的发现表明，糖皮质激素的给药可以减少恐惧症。

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