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Nonconscious semantic processing of emotional words modulates conscious access

机译：情感词的无意识语义处理会调节有意识的访问

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摘要

Whether masked words can be processed at a semantic level remains a controversial issue in cognitive psychology. Although recent behavioral studies have demonstrated masked semantic priming for number words, attempts to generalize this finding to other categories of words have failed. Here, as an alternative to subliminal priming, we introduce a sensitive behavioral method to detect nonconscious semantic processing of words. The logic of this method consists of presenting words close to the threshold for conscious perception and examining whether their semantic content modulates performance in objective and subjective tasks. Our results disclose two independent sources of modulation of the threshold for access to consciousness. First, prior conscious perception of words increases the detection rate of the same words when they are subsequently presented with stronger masking. Second, the threshold for conscious access is lower for emotional words than for neutral ones, even for words that have not been previously consciously perceived, thus implying that written words can receive nonconscious semantic processing.
机译：被屏蔽的单词是否可以在语义级别上处理仍然是认知心理学中一个有争议的问题。尽管最近的行为研究已经证明了数字单词的掩盖语义启动，但是将这一发现推广到其他类别单词的尝试却失败了。在这里，作为潜意识启动的替代方法，我们引入了一种敏感的行为方法来检测单词的无意识语义处理。此方法的逻辑包括：呈现接近意识阈值的单词，并检查其语义内容是否调节客观和主观任务的表现。我们的研究结果揭示了调节意识进入阈值的两个独立来源。首先，当对单词进行先验的有意识感知时，随后对它们进行更强的掩盖时，它们会提高对相同单词的检测率。第二，情感词的有意识访问阈值比中性词低，即使对于以前没有有意识感知的词也是如此，这意味着书面词可以接受无意识的语义处理。

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