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The tiny enslaved genome of a rhizarian alga

机译:根茎藻的微小被奴役基因组

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摘要

At least twice in the history of life a predatory nonphotosyn-thetic protozoan cell ate a eu-karyotic algal cell and enslaved it internally instead of digesting it, thereby becoming a chimeric photoph-agotrophic cell with two distinct nuclei and remarkably complex membrane topology-far surpassing that of animals or plants. In their descendants, the host nucleus became dominant, whereas that of the algal slave shrank by transfer of most of its genes into the main nucleus and retargeting the proteins they encode back into the enslaved chloroplast. Some descendants managed to transfer all essential genes and lose the enslaved nuclei altogether while retaining the algal chloroplast and plasma membrane (e.g., brown seaweeds), but in two groups of algae, cryptomonads and chlorarach-neans, the enslaved nucleus remains in the chimeric cell many millions of years afterward, raising fascinating questions for cell and evolutionary biology.
机译:在生命史中,至少有两次掠食性非光合原生动物细胞吞噬了真核藻类细胞,并对其内部进行了奴役,而不是对其进行消化,从而成为具有两个截然不同的细胞核并且具有复杂的膜拓扑结构的嵌合光噬营养细胞超过动植物。在它们的后代中,宿主核占优势,而藻类奴隶的宿主核则通过将其大部分基因转移到主核中,然后将它们编码的蛋白质重新定向回奴隶的叶绿体中而收缩。一些后代设法转移了所有必需基因并完全失去了被奴役的核,同时保留了藻类的叶绿体和质膜(例如棕色海藻),但是在两组藻类中(隐藻和氯藻-尼),被奴役的核仍保留在嵌合细胞中。几百万年后,细胞和进化生物学提出了有趣的问题。

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