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首页> 外文期刊>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >Green primary explosives: 5-Nitrotetrazolato-N2-ferrate hierarchies
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Green primary explosives: 5-Nitrotetrazolato-N2-ferrate hierarchies

机译：绿色主要炸药：5-硝基四氮杂-N2-高铁酸盐

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摘要

The sensitive explosives used in initiating devices like primers and detonators are called primary explosives. Successful detonations of secondary explosives are accomplished by suitable sources of initiation energy that is transmitted directly from the primaries or through secondary explosive boosters. Reliable initiating mechanisms are available in numerous forms of primers and detonators depending upon the nature of the secondary explosives. The technology of initiation devices used for military and civilian purposes continues to expand owing to variations in initiating method, chemical composition, quantity, sensitivity, explosive performance, and other necessary built-in mechanisms. Although the most widely used primaries contain toxic lead azide and lead styphnate, mixtures of thermally unstable primaries, like diazodi-nitrophenol and tetracene, or poisonous agents, like antimony sulfide and barium nitrate, are also used. Novel environmentally friendly primary explosives are expanded here to include cat[Fe-II(NT)(3)(H2O)(3)], cat(2)[Fe-II(NT)(4)(H2O)(2)], cat(3)[Fe-II(NT)(5)(H2O)], and cat(4)[Fe-II(NT)(6)] with cat = cation and NT- = 5-nitrotetrazolato-N-2. With available alkaline, alkaline earth, and organic cations as partners, four series of 5-nitrotetrazolato-N-2-ferrate hierarchies have been prepared that provide a plethora of green primaries with diverse initiating sensitivity and explosive performance. They hold great promise for replacing not only toxic lead primaries but also thermally unstable primaries and poisonous agents. Strategies are also described for the systematic preparation of coordination complex green primaries based on appropriate selection of ligands, metals, and synthetic procedures. These strategies allow for maximum versatility in initiating sensitivity and explosive performance while retaining properties required for green primaries.
机译：在起爆装置（如引爆药和雷管）中使用的敏感炸药被称为初级炸药。二次炸药的成功爆炸是通过直接从一次炸药或通过二次炸药助推器传递的合适的初始能量来源完成的。可靠的起爆机制有多种形式的引爆药和雷管，具体取决于二次炸药的性质。由于起爆方法，化学成分，数量，灵敏度，爆炸性能和其他必要的内置机制的变化，用于军事和民用起爆装置的技术继续扩展。尽管使用最广泛的底漆包含有毒的叠氮化铅和苯甲酸铅，但也可以使用热不稳定的底漆的混合物，例如重氮二硝基苯酚和并四苯，或者使用有毒的试剂，例如硫化锑和硝酸钡。此处将新型环保原始炸药扩展为包括cat [Fe-II（NT）（3）（H2O）（3）]，cat（2）[Fe-II（NT）（4）（H2O）（2）] ，cat（3）[Fe-II（NT）（5）（H2O）]和cat（4）[Fe-II（NT）（6）]，其中cat =阳离子，NT- = 5-硝基四唑-N- 2。借助可用的碱金属，碱土金属和有机阳离子作为伴侣，已制备了四个系列的5-硝基四氮杂-N-2-高铁酸盐层次结构，这些结构提供了大量具有不同引发敏感性和爆炸性能的绿色原色。它们不仅可以替代有毒的铅基剂，而且可以替代热不稳定的基剂和有毒试剂，具有广阔的前景。还描述了基于适当选择的配体，金属和合成步骤，系统制备配位复杂的绿色原色的策略。这些策略可以最大程度地提高引发敏感性和爆炸性能，同时保留绿色原色所需的性能。

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