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首页> 外文期刊>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >Hagfish and lancelet fibrillar collagens reveal that type II collagen-based cartilage evolved in stem vertebrates
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Hagfish and lancelet fibrillar collagens reveal that type II collagen-based cartilage evolved in stem vertebrates

机译：g鱼和柳叶刀的原纤维胶原蛋白表明，II型胶原蛋白软骨在干脊椎动物中进化。

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摘要

The origin of vertebrates was defined by evolution of a skeleton; however, little is known about the developmental mechanisms responsible for this landmark evolutionary innovation. In jawed vertebrates, cartilage matrix consists predominantly of type II collagen (Col2 alpha 1), whereas that of jawless fishes has long been thought to be noncollagenous. We recently showed that Col2 alpha 1 is present in lamprey cartilage, indicating that type II collagen-based cartilage evolved earlier than previously recognized. Here, we investigate the origin of vertebrate cartilage, and we report that hagfishes, the sister group to lampreys, also have Col2 alpha 1-based cartilage, suggesting its presence in the common ancestor of crown-group vertebrates. We go on to show that lancelets, a sister group to vertebrates, possess an ancestral clade A fibrillar collagen (ColA) gene that is expressed in the notochord. Together, these results suggest that duplication and diversification of C6lA genes at the chordate-vertebrate transition may underlie the evolutionary origin of vertebrate skeletal tissues.
机译：脊椎动物的起源是通过骨骼的演化来定义的。然而，对于这种具有里程碑意义的进化创新的发展机制知之甚少。在颌骨脊椎动物中，软骨基质主要由II型胶原蛋白（Col2 alpha 1）组成，而无颌鱼类的软骨基质长期以来被认为是非胶原蛋白。我们最近显示，在七cart鳗软骨中存在Col2 alpha 1，这表明基于II型胶原的软骨进化得比以前公认的要早。在这里，我们调查了脊椎动物软骨的起源，并且我们报告称，七lamp鱼的姊妹群即g鱼也有基于Col2 alpha 1的软骨，这表明它存在于冠群脊椎动物的共同祖先中。我们继续表明，作为脊椎动物的姊妹群的柳叶刀拥有祖先进化枝线状胶原（ColA）基因，该基因在脊索中表达。在一起，这些结果表明，C6lA基因在脊椎-脊椎动物过渡时期的复制和多样化可能是脊椎动物骨骼组织进化起源的基础。

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