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首页> 外文期刊>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >Midgut epithelial responses of different mosquito-Plasmodium combinations: The actin cone zipper repair mechanism in Aedes aegypti
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Midgut epithelial responses of different mosquito-Plasmodium combinations: The actin cone zipper repair mechanism in Aedes aegypti

机译：蚊虫和疟原虫不同组合的中肠上皮反应：埃及伊蚊肌动蛋白圆锥拉链修复机制

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摘要

In vivo responses of midgut epithelial cells to ookinete invasion of three different vector-parasite combinations, Aedes aegypti-Plasmodium gallinaceum, Anopheles stephensi-Plasmodium berghei, and A, stephensi-P. gallinaceum, were directly compared by using enzymatic markers and immunof luorescence stainings. Our studies indicate that, in A. aegypti and A. Stephens! ookinetes traverse the midgut via an intracellular route and inflict irreversible damage to the invaded cells. These two mosquito species differ, however, in their mechanisms of epithelial repair. A. Stephensi detaches damaged cells by an actin-mediated budding-off mechanism when invaded by either P. berghei or P. gallinaceum. In A. aegypti, the midgut epithelium is repaired by a unique actin cone zipper mechanism that involves the formation of a cone-shaped actin aggregate at the base of the cell that closes sequentially, expelling the cellular contents into the midgut lumen as it brings together healthy neighboring cells. Invasion of A. Stephensi by P. berghei induced expression of nitric oxide synthase and peroxidase activities, which mediate tyrosine nitration. These enzymes and nitro-tyrosine, however, were not induced in the other two vector-parasite combinations examined. These studies indicate that the epithelial responses of different mosquito-parasite combinations are not universal. The implications of these observations to validate animal experimental systems that reflect the biology of natural vectors of human malarias are discussed.
机译：中肠上皮细胞对三种不同载体-寄生虫组合，埃及伊蚊-加仑疟原虫，斯蒂芬按蚊-伯氏疟原虫和A，斯蒂芬斯-P的钩虫入侵的体内反应。通过使用酶标记和免疫荧光染色法直接比较了鸡胆。我们的研究表明，在埃及埃及和斯蒂芬斯！养猪人通过细胞内途径穿越中肠，对被侵袭的细胞造成不可逆转的损害。但是，这两种蚊子的上皮修复机制不同。 A. Stephensi在受到伯氏疟原虫或鸡胆单胞菌侵袭时，通过肌动蛋白介导的出芽机制分离受损细胞。在埃及伊蚊中，中肠上皮通过独特的肌动蛋白锥状拉链机制修复，该机制涉及在细胞底部形成锥形肌动蛋白聚集体，该聚集体依次关闭，将细胞内含物聚集在一起时将细胞内容物排入中肠腔健康的邻近细胞。伯氏疟原虫对A. Stephensi的入侵诱导了一氧化氮合酶和过氧化物酶活性的表达，介导酪氨酸的硝化。但是，在所检查的其他两种载体-寄生虫组合中未诱导这些酶和硝基酪氨酸。这些研究表明，不同的蚊虫-寄生虫组合的上皮反应不是普遍的。讨论了这些观察结果对验证反映人类疟疾天然载体生物学的动物实验系统的意义。

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