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Proof of physical exchange of genes on the chromosomes

机译：染色体上基因的物理交换证明

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Seventy-five years ago, a convincing demonstration that the genes were physically aligned along the chromosome was lacking. Harriet Creighton (1909-2004) and Barbara McClintock (1902-1992) [Creighton, H. B. & McClintock, B. (1931) Proc. Watl. Acad. Sci. USA 17, 492-497] showed by an elegantly simple experiment in 1931 that exchange between genes was accompanied by exchange of cytological, i.e., physical, parts of chromosomes. The work has been acclaimed as one of the great experiments in biology. Creight-on's doctoral dissertation under McClintock's mentorship provided the basis for the landmark paper, which was unique in merging cytological with genetic data. A companion paper by McClintock, printed and bound back-to-back with the joint paper, set the essential stage with data on the cytological and genetic features that Creighton applied. Following directly from this work, and leading to today's recognition that the genome is a graspable entity, was the knowledge that the genes could be studied as components of a linear structure, the chromosome. Here, we review the data surrounding the Creighton and McClintock paper and provide a perspective on the significance of their findings.
机译：七十五年前，缺乏令人信服的证明，即这些基因沿染色体在物理上对齐。 Harriet Creighton（1909-2004）和Barbara McClintock（1902-1992）[Creighton，H. B.＆McClintock，B.（1931）Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA，87：2877-1883。瓦特。学院科学[USA 17，492-497]在1931年的一次简单优雅的实验中表明，基因之间的交换伴随着细胞学即物理部分染色体的交换。这项工作被誉为生物学上的伟大实验之一。 Creight-on在McClintock的指导下发表的博士学位论文为具有里程碑意义的论文奠定了基础，该论文在将细胞学与遗传数据相结合方面独树一帜。麦克林托克（McClintock）撰写的同伴论文，与联合论文背对背打印并装订在一起，为Creighton应用的细胞学和遗传学特征数据奠定了基础。直接从事这项工作，并导致今天认识到基因组是一个可抓握的实体，这是因为知道可以将基因研究为线性结构（染色体）的组成部分。在这里，我们回顾了有关Creighton和McClintock论文的数据，并就其发现的重要性提供了一个观点。

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