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首页> 外文期刊>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >Reversible molecular photoswitches: A key technology for nanoscience and fluorescence imaging
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Reversible molecular photoswitches: A key technology for nanoscience and fluorescence imaging

机译：可逆分子光电开关：纳米科学和荧光成像的关键技术

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摘要

In recent years, molecular switches have attracted considerable interest because they hold great promises as molecular electronic and photonic devices. In contrast to commonplace switches that turn electric appliances on and off, molecular switches enable the storage of information on a molecular level, and their application in nanotech-nology, biomedicine, and computer chip design opens up whole new horizons. Usually, molecular switches are addressed by an electrical field, a scanning tunneling microscope tip, or a chemical or electrochemical reaction to specifically switch the physical properties between two states (1-3). Alternatively, molecules might be switched optically between two stable forms, and quite an effort has been put into the synthesis of reversibly photo-switchable fulgides and diarylethenes (4). A photoswitch exhibits two stable and selectively addressable states, a fluorescent and a nonf luorescent, which can be conveyed into another in a reversible fashion upon irradiation with different wavelengths of light. Although highly reproducible optical switching of individual chromophores could be achieved in liquid helium temperature experiments (5), the synthetic approach based on a photo-switchable diarylethene derivative was crowned with success only recently (6, 7). Very recently (8, 9), it was demonstrated that even conventional unmodified carbo-cyanine derivatives such as Cy5 can function as efficient reversible single-molecule photoswitches.
机译：近年来，由于分子开关作为分子电子和光子器件具有广阔的前景，因此引起了人们的极大兴趣。与打开和关闭电器的普通开关相反，分子开关可以在分子水平上存储信息，它们在纳米技术，生物医学和计算机芯片设计中的应用开辟了全新的视野。通常，分子开关通过电场，扫描隧道显微镜尖端或化学或电化学反应来解决，以在两种状态（1-3）之间特定地切换物理属性。或者，分子可以在两种稳定形式之间进行光学交换，并且已经投入了相当多的精力来合成可逆光开关的缩苷和二芳烃（4）。光电开关具有两个稳定且可选择性寻址的状态，即荧光和非荧光状态，在用不同波长的光照射时，它们可以可逆的方式传输到另一个状态。尽管在液氦温度实验中可以实现各个发色团的高度可重现的光学转换（5），但基于光可转换的二芳基乙烯衍生物的合成方法直到最近才获得成功（6、7）。最近（8、9），已证明甚至常规的未修饰的碳菁花青衍生物（例如Cy5）也可以充当有效的可逆单分子光开关。

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