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Histone H3 variants and modifications on transcribed genes

机译：组蛋白H3变体和转录基因的修饰

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Chromatin structure is disrupted by the process of gene transcription, and the state of the histones plays an important role in gene regulation. Transcribing genes tend to be marked by specific his-tone modifications that are thought to modulate transcriptional activity. Recently, Ahmad and Henikoff found that transcribed genes in Drosophila are also enriched for histone variant H3.3, which is deposited in chromatin through a DNA replication-independent nucleo-some assembly pathway. In an article from the same group in this issue of PNAS, McKittrick et al. (2) demonstrate that a Drosophila cell line contains enough H3.3 to package all of the transcribed genes and that H3.3 is enriched in modifications associated with transcription (e.g., acetylation of select ly-sines and methylation of lysine 4). Ly-sine 9 methylation, which is abundant in transcriptionally silent heterochromatin, occurs primarily on the major form of H3 that is assembled into nucleosomes by the replication-dependent pathway. These results led McKittrick et al. to propose that the modification state of H3 associated with a gene is tied to the pathway that assembled the gene into nucleosomes. This hypothesis could also account for observations made by Waterborg 13 years ago, who found that acetylated lysines and lysine 4 methylation are enriched in the alfalfa variant H3.2, whereas lysine 9 methylation was found primarily in the major form, H3.1.
机译：染色质结构被基因转录过程破坏，而组蛋白的状态在基因调控中起着重要作用。转录基因倾向于以特定的组蛋白修饰来标记，这些修饰被认为可以调节转录活性。最近，Ahmad和Henikoff发现，果蝇中转录的基因也富含组蛋白变体H3.3，该变体通过独立于DNA复制的核小体组装途径沉积在染色质中。 McKittrick等人在本期PNAS的同一小组的一篇文章中。 （2）证明果蝇细胞系含有足够的H3.3以包装所有已转录的基因，并且H3.3富含与转录相关的修饰（例如，选择性赖氨酸的乙酰化和赖氨酸4的甲基化）。在转录沉默异染色质中丰富的赖氨酸9甲基化主要发生在H3的主要形式上，该形式通过复制依赖性途径组装成核小体。这些结果导致McKittrick等人。提出与基因相关的H3的修饰状态与将该基因组装成核小体的途径有关。这个假设也可以解释13年前沃特堡（Waterborg）所做的观察，他发现乙酰化的赖氨酸和赖氨酸4甲基化在苜蓿变体H3.2中富集，而赖氨酸9甲基化主要以主要形式H3.1被发现。

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