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首页> 外文期刊>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >Maternal investment affects offspring phenotypic plasticity in a viviparous cockroach.
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Maternal investment affects offspring phenotypic plasticity in a viviparous cockroach.

机译：产妇投资会影响胎生蟑螂的后代表型可塑性。

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摘要

Maternal effects, crossgenerational influences of the mother's phenotype on phenotypic variation in offspring, can profoundly influence the fitness of offspring. In insects especially, social interactions during larval development also can alter life-history traits. To date, however, no experimental design, to our knowledge, has manipulated the prenatal and postnatal environments independently to investigate their interaction. We report here that the degree of maternal nutrient investment in developing embryos of the viviparous cockroach Diploptera punctata influences how quickly neonate males become adults and how large they are at adulthood. An offspring's probability of reaching adulthood in fewer than four molts increased with birth weight: the heavier neonates were, consequently, more likely to become smaller adults. Social interaction also affected nymphal development and adult size. Nymphs reared in pairs molted fewer times than solitary nymphs and, thus, became smaller adults. The social effecton developmental trajectory was, however, eliminated by experimentally increasing the level of maternal nutrient investment per offspring, which was accomplished by removing one of the female's paired ovaries (allometric engineering). We conclude that a particular prenatal environment can result in different offspring phenotypes under different postnatal social conditions. By investing more in each offspring, however, D. punctata mothers, because they are viviparous, are able to produce broods with environmentally (socially) independent phenotypes.
机译：母体效应，即母亲的表型对子代表型变异的代际影响，可以深刻影响子代的适应性。尤其是在昆虫中，幼虫发育过程中的社交互动也会改变生活史特征。然而，到目前为止，据我们所知，还没有实验设计独立地操纵产前和产后环境来研究它们之间的相互作用。我们在此报告，母体蟑螂Diploptera punctata胚胎发育中母体营养投入的程度会影响新生男性成年的速度以及成年后的体型。随着出生体重的增加，后代成年不到4摩尔的可能性增加：因此，较重的新生儿更有可能变成较小的成年人。社交互动也会影响若虫的发育和成年个体的大小。成对饲养的若虫比单独的若虫蜕变的次数少，因此成虫变小。然而，通过实验性地增加每个后代的母体营养投入水平，消除了对发育轨迹的社会影响，这是通过去除雌性成对的卵巢之一（异位基因工程）来实现的。我们得出结论，特定的产前环境可以在不同的产后社会条件下导致不同的后代表型。然而，通过对每个后代进行更多的投资，点状D的母亲由于它们是胎生的，因此能够产生具有环境（社会）独立表型的育雏。

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