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首页> 外文期刊>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >The human cortex responds to an interoceptive challenge
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The human cortex responds to an interoceptive challenge

机译：人体皮质对感受性挑战做出反应

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Functional neuroimaging with positron emission tomography (PET) and functional MRI permits identification of neuro-physiological correlates of distinctly human psychological functions such as language, conscious experience, and philosophical thought. In the enthusiasm to attribute regional brain activity in humans to high-order functions, low-level accounts may be underemphasized. It is widely appreciated that brainstem and hypotha-lamic nuclei have a critical role in regulating neuroendocrine cycles and controlling homeostatic autonomic reflexes and vegetative processes. However, psychologists frequently ascribe autoregulatory control only to subcortical "reptilian" regions, whereas cortical areas emote, evaluate, and reason. In recent years, Damasio has reemphasized the dependence of higher-order functions on bodily states of arousal. In a recent issue of PNAS, the work of Teves et al. (5) represents an important reminder that cortical and thalamic activity is modulated directly by perturbations in peripheral homeostasis that evoke autonomic arousal. The authors undertook a PET study to examine changes in regional brain activity (reflected in regional cerebral blood flow) during states of low blood glucose (hypoglycemia). Hypoglycemia evoked sympathetic and parasympathetic autonomic arousal, apparent in a range of physiological and neuroendocrine measures. States of hypoglycemia and autonomic arousal were associated with enhanced activity in rostral anterior cingu-late (ACC), orbitofrontal cortex, thala-mus, and brainstem. One interpretation is that these activity increases reflect generation and control of autonomic responses to the low-level physiological challenge of hypoglycemia.
机译：具有正电子发射断层扫描（PET）和功能性MRI的功能性神经影像技术可以识别出与人类心理功能（例如语言，意识体验和哲学思想）明显不同的神经生理相关性。在将人类区域性大脑活动归因于高级功能的热情中，低级帐户可能被低估了。人们普遍认识到，脑干和下丘脑核在调节神经内分泌循环和控制稳态自主神经反射和营养过程中起关键作用。但是，心理学家经常将自动调节控制仅归因于皮质下的“爬行动物”区域，而皮质区域则表达，评估和推理。近年来，达马西奥（Damasio）再次强调了高阶函数对身体唤醒状态的依赖性。在最近一期的PNAS中，Teves等的工作。 （5）提醒人们，大脑和丘脑的活动直接由引起体内自主唤醒的周围稳态的扰动来调节。作者进行了一项PET研究，以检查低血糖状态（低血糖）期间局部脑活动（反映在局部脑血流中）的变化。低血糖引起了交感神经和副交感神经的自主神经兴奋，在一系列生理和神经内分泌措施中很明显。低血糖状态和自主神经唤醒状态与喙前扣带回（ACC），眶额皮质，丘脑和脑干活动增强有关。一种解释是，这些活性的增加反映了对低血糖的低水平生理挑战的自主反应的产生和控制。

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