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首页> 外文期刊>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >Environment, agriculture, and settlement patterns in a marginal Polynesian landscape.
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Environment, agriculture, and settlement patterns in a marginal Polynesian landscape.

机译：波利尼西亚边缘地区的环境，农业和居民点格局。

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摘要

Beginning ca. A.D. 1400, Polynesian farmers established permanent settlements along the arid southern flank of Haleakala Volcano, Maui, Hawaiian Islands; peak population density (43-57 persons per km(2)) was achieved by A.D. 1700-1800, and it was followed by the devastating effects of European contact. This settlement, based on dryland agriculture with sweet potato as a main crop, is represented by >3,000 archaeological features investigated to date. Geological and environmental factors are the most important influence on Polynesian farming and settlement practices in an agriculturally marginal landscape. Interactions between lava flows, whose ages range from 3,000 to 226,000 years, and differences in rainfall create an environmental mosaic that constrained precontact Polynesian farming practices to a zone defined by aridity at low elevation and depleted soil nutrients at high elevation. Within this productive zone, however, large-scale agriculture was concentrated on older, tephra-blanketed lava flows; younger flows were reserved for residential sites, small ritual gardens, and agricultural temples.
机译：开始于公元1400年，波利尼西亚农民在夏威夷群岛毛伊岛哈雷阿卡拉火山南部干旱地区建立永久定居点；公元1700-1800年达到了人口密度的峰值（每平方公里43-57人）（2），其次是欧洲接触的破坏性影响。该定居点以旱地农业为基础，以甘薯为主要农作物，迄今已调查的> 3,000考古特征代表了这一定居点。在农业边缘地区，地质和环境因素是对波利尼西亚农业和定居实践的最重要影响。熔岩流（其年龄介于3,000至226,000年之间）之间的相互作用以及降雨的差异形成了一种环境镶嵌，将波利尼西亚人的预接触耕作方式限制在低海拔地区的干旱和高海拔地区的土壤养分耗尽的区域。但是，在这个高产区，大规模农业集中在陈旧的，特非拉毯状的熔岩流上。较年轻的水流被保留用于居民区，小型礼节花园和农业庙宇。

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