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首页> 外文期刊>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >Retinoic acid influences anteroposterior positioning of epidermal sensory neurons and their gene expression in a developing chordate (amphioxus).
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Retinoic acid influences anteroposterior positioning of epidermal sensory neurons and their gene expression in a developing chordate (amphioxus).

机译：维甲酸会影响表皮感觉神经元的前后位置及其在发育中的碳酸盐（amphioxus）中的基因表达。

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摘要

In developing chordates, retinoic acid (RA) signaling patterns the rostrocaudal body axis globally and affects gene expression locally in some differentiating cell populations. Here we focus on development of epidermal sensory neurons in an invertebrate chordate (amphioxus) to determine how RA signaling influences their rostrocaudal distribution and gene expression (for AmphiCoe, a neural precursor gene; for amphioxus islet and AmphiERR, two neural differentiation genes; and for AmphiHox1, -3, -4, and -6). Treatments with RA or an RA antagonist (BMS009) shift the distribution of developing epidermal neurons anteriorly or posteriorly, respectively. These treatments also affect gene expression patterns in the epidermal neurons, suggesting that RA levels may influence specification of neuronal subtypes. Although colinear expression of Hox genes is well known for the amphioxus central nervous system, we find an unexpected comparable colinearity for AmphiHox1, -3, -4, and -6 in the developing epidermis; moreover, RA levels affect the anteroposterior extent of these Hox expression domains, suggesting that RA signaling controls a colinear Hox code for anteroposterior patterning of the amphioxus epidermis. Thus, in amphioxus, the developing peripheral nervous system appears to be structured by mechanisms parallel to those that structure the central nervous system. One can speculate that, during evolution, an ancestral deuterostome that structured its panepidermal nervous system with an RA-influenced Hox code gave rise to chordates in which this patterning mechanism persisted within the epidermal elements of the peripheral nervous system and was transferred to the neuroectoderm as the central nervous system condensed dorsally.
机译：在发育的脊索动物中，视黄酸（RA）信号在全球范围内构图了杆状尾尾体轴，并在一些分化的细胞群体中局部影响基因表达。在这里，我们着重研究无脊椎动物碳酸盐（amphioxus）中表皮感觉神经元的发育，以确定RA信号如何影响其轮状尾状分布和基因表达（对于神经先质基因AmphiCoe；对于两个神经分化基因Amphioxus胰岛和AmphiERR；对于AmphiHox1，-3，-4和-6）。 RA或RA拮抗剂（BMS009）的治疗分别使发育中的表皮神经元的分布向前或向后移动。这些治疗还影响表皮神经元中的基因表达模式，表明RA水平可能影响神经元亚型的规格。尽管Hox基因的共线性表达在两栖动物中枢神经系统中众所周知，但我们发现在发育中的表皮中，AmphiHox1，-3，-4和-6具有出乎意料的可比共线性。此外，RA水平影响这些Hox表达域的前后程度，这表明RA信号控制了两栖动物表皮前后模式的共线Hox代码。因此，在文昌鱼中，发育中的周围神经系统似乎是由与构成中枢神经系统的那些机制平行的机制构成的。可以推测，在进化过程中，一个祖先的氘化吻合器以RA影响的Hox编码构成了其上皮神经系统，从而产生了rd索，其中这种模式机制持续存在于周围神经系统的表皮成分中，并被转移至神经外胚层。中枢神经系统在背侧凝结。

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