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首页> 外文期刊>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >Fishing down the coast: historical expansion and collapse of oyster fisheries along continental margins.
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Fishing down the coast: historical expansion and collapse of oyster fisheries along continental margins.

机译：沿海捕鱼：沿大陆边缘的牡蛎渔业的历史扩张和崩溃。

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摘要

Estuarine ecosystems have changed dramatically from centuries of fishing, habitat disturbance, sedimentation, and nutrient loading. Degradation of oyster reefs by destructive fishing practices in particular has had a profound effect on estuarine ecology, yet the timing and magnitude of oyster-reef degradation in estuaries is poorly quantified. Here, I evaluate the expansion and collapse of oyster fisheries in 28 estuaries along three continental margins through the analysis of historical proxies derived from fishery records to infer when oyster reefs were degraded. Exploitation for oysters did not occur randomly along continental margins but followed a predictable pattern. Oyster fisheries expanded and collapsed in a linear sequence along eastern North America (Crassostrea virginica), western North America (Ostreola conchaphila), and eastern Australia (Saccostrea glomerata). Fishery collapse began in the estuaries that were nearest to a developing urban center before exploitation began to spread down the coast. As each successive fishery collapsed, oysters from more distant estuaries were fished and transported to restock exploited estuaries near the original urban center. This moving wave of exploitation traveled along each coastline until the most distant estuary had been reached and overfished.
机译：河口的生态系统已经从几个世纪的捕鱼，栖息地干扰，沉积和养分含量急剧变化。破坏性捕捞对牡蛎礁的破坏尤其对河口生态产生了深远的影响，但是河口牡蛎礁退化的时间和程度却很难量化。在这里，我通过分析从渔业记录中得出的历史代理来推断牡蛎礁何时退化，来评估沿三个大陆边缘的28个河口的牡蛎渔业的扩张和崩溃。牡蛎的开发并非沿着大陆边缘随机发生，而是遵循可预测的模式。在北美洲东部（Crassostrea virginica），北美洲西部（Ostreola conchaphila）和澳大利亚东部（Saccostrea glomerata），牡蛎渔业以线性顺序扩张和倒塌。渔业崩溃始于最接近发展中城市中心的河口，然后才开始向沿海扩散。随着每个连续渔业的崩溃，来自较远河口的牡蛎被捕捞并运输到原始市区附近的放养河口。不断移动的剥削浪潮沿着每个海岸线传播，直到到达最远的河口并被过度捕捞。

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