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首页> 外文期刊>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >Foreign-language experience in infancy: Effects of short-term exposure and social interaction on phonetic learning.
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Foreign-language experience in infancy: Effects of short-term exposure and social interaction on phonetic learning.

机译：婴儿期的外语体验：短期接触和社交互动对语音学习的影响。

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摘要

Infants acquire language with remarkable speed, although little is known about the mechanisms that underlie the acquisition process. Studies of the phonetic units of language have shown that early in life, infants are capable of discerning differences among the phonetic units of all languages, including native- and foreign-language sounds. Between 6 and 12 mo of age, the ability to discriminate foreign-language phonetic units sharply declines. In two studies, we investigate the necessary and sufficient conditions for reversing this decline in foreign-language phonetic perception. In Experiment 1, 9-mo-old American infants were exposed to native Mandarin Chinese speakers in 12 laboratory sessions. A control group also participated in 12 language sessions but heard only English. Subsequent tests of Mandarin speech perception demonstrated that exposure to Mandarin reversed the decline seen in the English control group. In Experiment 2, infants were exposed to the same foreign-language speakers and materials via audiovisual or audio-only recordings. The results demonstrated that exposure to recorded Mandarin, without interpersonal interaction, had no effect. Between 9 and 10 mo of age, infants show phonetic learning from live, but not prerecorded, exposure to a foreign language, suggesting a learning process that does not require long-term listening and is enhanced by social interaction.
机译：婴儿以惊人的速度习得语言，尽管对习得过程背后的机制知之甚少。对语言的语音单位的研究表明，婴儿从小就能够分辨所有语言的语音单位之间的差异，包括母语和外语声音。在年龄的6到12个月之间，辨别外语语音单位的能力急剧下降。在两项研究中，我们研究了扭转外语语音感知下降的必要和充分条件。在实验1中，在12个实验室的实验中，将9个月大的美国婴儿暴露于讲汉语的普通话中。对照组也参加了12场语言会议，但只听英语。随后的普通话语音感知测试表明，普通话的暴露可以逆转英语对照组中的下降。在实验2中，婴儿通过视听或纯音频记录与相同的外语演讲者和材料接触。结果表明，在没有人际互动的情况下接触录制的普通话没有影响。在9到10个月大之间，婴儿表现出从生活中学习语音的能力，但没有预先录制的接触外语的能力，这表明学习过程不需要长时间的聆听，并且可以通过社交互动来增强。

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