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首页> 外文期刊>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >Evolution of olfactory receptor genes in the human genome.
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Evolution of olfactory receptor genes in the human genome.

机译：人类基因组中嗅觉受体基因的进化。

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摘要

Olfactory receptor (OR) genes form the largest known multigene family in the human genome. To obtain some insight into their evolutionary history, we have identified the complete set of OR genes and their chromosomal locations from the latest human genome sequences. We detected 388 potentially functional genes that have intact ORFs and 414 apparent pseudogenes. The number and the fraction (48%) of functional genes are considerably larger than the ones previously reported. The human OR genes can clearly be divided into class I and class II genes, as was previously noted. Our phylogenetic analysis has shown that the class II OR genes can further be classified into 19 phylogenetic clades supported by high bootstrap values. We have also found that there are many tandem arrays of OR genes that are phylogenetically closely related. These genes appear to have been generated by tandem gene duplication. However, the relationships between genomic clusters and phylogenetic clades are very complicated. There are asubstantial number of cases in which the genes in the same phylogenetic clade are located on different chromosomal regions. In addition, OR genes belonging to distantly related phylogenetic clades are sometimes located very closely in a chromosomal region and form a tight genomic cluster. These observations can be explained by the assumption that several chromosomal rearrangements have occurred at the regions of OR gene clusters and the OR genes contained in different genomic clusters are shuffled.
机译：嗅觉受体（OR）基因构成人类基因组中最大的已知多基因家族。为了对它们的进化历史有所了解，我们从最新的人类基因组序列中鉴定出完整的OR基因组及其染色体位置。我们检测到了388个具有完整ORF和414个明显假基因的潜在功能基因。功能基因的数量和比例（48％）比以前报道的要大得多。如前所述，人OR基因可以清楚地分为I类和II类基因。我们的系统发育分析表明，II类OR基因可以进一步归类为19个系统进化进化枝，它们具有较高的自举值。我们还发现，有许多串联的OR基因在系统发育上密切相关。这些基因似乎是由串联基因复制产生的。然而，基因组簇与系统进化分支之间的关系非常复杂。同一系统发生进化枝中的基因位于不同的染色体区域的病例很多。另外，属于远缘相关进化进化枝的OR基因有时非常紧密地位于染色体区域中并形成紧密的基因组簇。这些观察结果可以通过以下假设来解释：在OR基因簇的区域发生了几次染色体重排，并且对不同基因组簇中包含的OR基因进行了改组。

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