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首页> 外文期刊>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >Plant proteomics: BLASTing out of a MudPIT
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Plant proteomics: BLASTing out of a MudPIT

机译：植物蛋白质组学：从MudPIT中爆炸

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While the genome contains the coded information that allows an organism to live and reproduce, the essential functions of living cells are accomplished by gene products. Those structures―mainly proteins, although ribonucleic acids are also essential―provide the scaffold, regulatory, and catalytic functions that drive metabolism. Proteomics seeks to measure the expression of all proteins within an organism and monitor changes in response to developmental and environmental cues in health and disease. Because the 30,000 or so human genes sustain life through a considerably larger variety of mature proteins, the technological challenge dramatically exceeds that of genomics. Ultimately, we would like a computer model that mimics life in silico, allowing accurate projections for metabolic engineering experiments in medicine and the life sciences. This grand experiment is just starting and the race is on to develop high-throughput technology to provide proteome-scale insights, as well as computational systems that allow realistic modeling of simple cells. Yates and cowork-ers present the results of recent attempts to map the rice proteome and compare metabolism in three different functional states of the organism―that is, leaf, root, and seed. Although central metabolic pathways were present in all tissues, metabolic specialization was detected, confirming the existence of divergent regulatory mechanisms in starch biosynthesis and degradation in different tissues, as well as the presence of allergenic proteins in seed.
机译：尽管基因组包含允许生物体生存和繁殖的编码信息，但活细胞的基本功能是通过基因产物来实现的。这些结构（主要是蛋白质，尽管核糖核酸也必不可少）提供了驱动新陈代谢的支架，调节和催化功能。蛋白质组学旨在测量生物体内所有蛋白质的表达，并监测对健康和疾病中发育和环境线索的响应变化。由于约有30,000种人类基因通过大量成熟蛋白质维持生命，因此技术挑战大大超过了基因组学的挑战。最终，我们希望有一个模拟计算机生命的计算机模型，以便为医学和生命科学中的代谢工程实验提供准确的预测。这项宏伟的实验才刚刚开始，并且正在争夺开发高通量技术以提供蛋白质组规模的见解以及可对简单细胞进行逼真的建模的计算系统的竞赛。叶兹（Yates）和同事介绍了最近绘制水稻蛋白质组图并比较该生物体三种不同功能状态（即叶，根和种子）中新陈代谢的结果。尽管所有组织中均存在中央代谢途径，但仍检测到代谢专一性，从而证实了淀粉生物合成和降解在不同组织中存在不同的调控机制，以及种子中存在变应原性蛋白质。

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