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首页> 外文期刊>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >Latitudinal gradients of species richness in the deep-sea benthos of the North Atlantic
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Latitudinal gradients of species richness in the deep-sea benthos of the North Atlantic

机译：北大西洋深海底栖动物物种丰富度的纬度梯度

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摘要

Latitudinal species diversity gradients (LSDGs) in the Northern Hemisphere are the most well established biogeographic patterns on Earth. Despite long-standing interest in LSDGs as a central problem in ecology, their explanation remains uncertain. In ter- restrial as well as coastal and pelagic marine ecosystems, these poleward declines in diversity typically have been represented and interpreted in terms of species richness, the number of coexisting species. Newly discovered LSDGs in the bathyal (S00--4,000 m) benthos of the North Atlantic may help to resolve the underlying causes of these large-scale trends because the deep sea is such a physically distinct environment. However, a major problem in comparing surface and deep-sea LSDGs is that the latter have been measured differently, by using species diversity indices that are affected by both species richness and the evenness of relative abundance. Here, we demonstrate that deep-sea isopods, gastro- pods, and bivalves in the North Atlantic do exhibit poleward decreases in species richness, just as those found in other environ- ments. A comprehensive systematic revision of the largest deep- sea gastropod family (Turridae) has provided a unique database on geographic distributions that is directly comparable to those used to document LSDGs in surface biotas. This taxon also shows a poIeward decline in the number of species. Seasonal organic enrichment from sinking phytodetritus is the most plausible eco- logical explanation for deep-sea LSDGs and is the environmental factor most consistently associated with depressed diversity in a variety of bathyal habitats.
机译：北半球的纬度物种多样性梯度（LSDG）是地球上最完善的生物地理模式。尽管长期以来人们一直将低危DGDG作为生态学的中心问题，但对其解释仍不确定。在陆地以及沿海和中上层海洋生态系统中，这些极度下降的多样性通常以物种丰富度和共存物种的数量来表示和解释。在北大西洋的海底（S00--4,000 m）底栖生物中新发现的LSDG可能有助于解决这些大规模趋势的根本原因，因为深海是一个物理上截然不同的环境。但是，比较海表和深海LSDG的主要问题是，通过使用受物种丰富度和相对丰度均匀度影响的物种多样性指数，对后者进行了不同的测量。在这里，我们证明了北大西洋的深海等足动物，腹足类动物和双壳类确实表现出物种丰富度的极地下降，就像在其他环境中发现的那样。对最大的深海腹足类动物家族（Turridae）的全面系统修订提供了一个独特的地理分布数据库，可直接用于记录地表生物群中的LSDG。该分类单元还显示出物种数量的急剧下降。沉没植物碎屑的季节性有机富集是深海低密度固着藻的最合理的生态学解释，也是与各种海底生境中的多样性降低最一致的环境因素。

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