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首页> 外文期刊>Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences >'Cephalaspidean' Heterobranchs (Gastropoda) from the Pacific Coast of Costa Rica
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'Cephalaspidean' Heterobranchs (Gastropoda) from the Pacific Coast of Costa Rica

机译：哥斯达黎加太平洋沿岸的“头足类”杂种分支（天麻）

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摘要

Based on phylogenetic evidence, Mikkelsen (1996) demonstrated that the traditional taxon "Cephalaspidea" is paraphyletic. As a consequence of this new phylogenetic hypothesis, the Acteonidae, Bullinidae, and Ringiculidae were removed from the traditional Cephalaspidea. Furthermore, the Acteonidae was removed from the Opisthobranchia and included in an unresolved group named "Lower Heterobranchia." The Bullinidae and Ringiculidae remained in the Opisthobranchia, but were included in another unresolved group, the "Architectibranchia." After the exclusion of these taxa, the rest of the Cephalaspidea remained as a monophyletic group. Members of the paraphyletic traditional Cephalaspidea are here referred to as "cephalaspidean" heterobranchs. Despite the fact that "cephalaspidean" heterobranchs are paraphyletic, it is still practical to deal with them in monographic treatises due to morphological similarities (presence of large, external shells in most groups), shared habitats and life modes, and consistency with historical treatments. Little is know about the "cephalaspidean" heterobranch biodiversity in Costa Rica. Studies by Houbrick (1968), Robinson and Montoya (1987), H0isarter, (1998), and more recently by Espinosa and Ortea (2001), provided a few records from the Caribbean and Pacific coast, but included no morphological comparisons for most taxa. The purpose of the present study is to provide an up-to-date catalogue of species of "Lower Heterobranchia," "Architectibranchia," and Cephalaspidea found along the Pacific coast of Costa Rica, including descriptions of a new species and a systematic review of the generic placement and synonymy of several other species previously described, based on new anatomical evidence.
机译：基于系统发育证据，Mikkelsen（1996）证明了传统分类群“头孢类”是副生的。由于这种新的系统发育假说，Acteonidae，Bullinidae和Ringiculidae被从传统的头蝶亚目中移除。此外，Acteonidae被从羊膜蕨中移除，并被归入未解决的名为“ Lower Heterobranchia”的组中。 Bullinidae和Ringiculidae仍保留在Opisthobranchia中，但被归入另一个未解决的群体“ Architectibranchia”。在排除了这些分类单元之后，其余的头孢类的仍然是单系群。寄生虫的传统头孢类的成员在这里被称为“头孢类”杂支。尽管“头孢类”杂支植物是共生的，但由于形态上的相似性（大多数群体中都有大的外壳），共有的生境和生活方式以及与历史处理的一致性，以专着论着处理它们仍然是可行的。对于哥斯达黎加的“头孢类”异枝生物多样性知之甚少。 Houbrick（1968），Robinson和Montoya（1987），H0isarter（1998）以及最近由Espinosa和Ortea（2001）进行的研究提供了一些加勒比海和太平洋沿岸的记录，但没有对大多数分类群进行形态学比较。本研究的目的是提供在哥斯达黎加太平洋沿岸发现的“下异翅目鱼类”，“ Architectibranchia”和头孢类的最新目录，包括新物种的描述和对基于新的解剖学证据，先前描述的其他几个物种的通用位置和同义词。

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