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Known Vulnerabilities of Global Navigation Satellite Systems, Status, and Potential Mitigation Techniques

机译:全球导航卫星系统,状态和潜在缓解技术的已知漏洞

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Global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) like GPS but also Galileo, GLONASS, and Beidou represent an important infrastructure to our society. They provide position and timing for numerous applications. A GNSS is a rather complex system consisting of around 30 satellites, a number of monitor stations, plus a control center. Billions of GNSS receivers represent the user segment. The receivers and the monitor stations receive a weak satellite radio signal and thus are susceptible to interference like jamming or spoofing. This paper outlines the core operation principles of satellite navigation to describe those kind of interference and to analyze the impacts. Different types of interference attacks result in different effects at the target receiver. The attack schemes are categorized within this paper. Reported incidents are summarized as well as the potential impact of GNSS vulnerability on critical infrastructure. Well known countermeasures at user receiver level or at system level are outlined and discussed for their suitability. The political and socioeconomic context of GNSS vulnerability is described emphasizing the large impact of a potential disruption of the GNSS service.
机译:GPS等全球导航卫星系统(GNSS)以及伽利略,GLONASS和北斗等代表了我们社会的重要基础设施。它们为众多应用提供了位置和时间。 GNSS是一个相当复杂的系统,由大约30颗卫星,多个监视站以及一个控制中心组成。数十亿个GNSS接收器代表了用户群。接收器和监视站接收到的卫星无线电信号较弱,因此容易受到干扰,例如干扰或欺骗。本文概述了卫星导航的核心操作原理,以描述此类干扰并分析其影响。不同类型的干扰攻击会对目标接收器产生不同的影响。攻击方案在本文中进行了分类。总结了报告的事件以及GNSS漏洞对关键基础架构的潜在影响。概述并讨论了用户接收器级别或系统级别的众所周知的对策,以了解它们的适用性。描述了GNSS漏洞的政治和社会经济背景,强调了GNSS服务潜在中断的巨大影响。

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