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Horizontal Subcontracting From Competitors: When and What?

机译：与竞争对手的水平分包：何时何地？

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We investigate horizontal subcontracting between two firms that compete in selling to uncertain markets. Each firm manages resources to make a key component indispensable for final assembly by both firms. A horizontal subcontract stipulates that one of them prepares key component or even produces final product for the other. The subcontract can be signed before or after resource preparation, which we refer to as forward and spot subcontracting, respectively. With the presence of demand uncertainty, the subcontract is signed before (after, resp.) demand realization in forward (spot, resp.) subcontracting, while resources are always prepared in advance. Forward subcontracting enables the firms to achieve the maximum overall cost saving by concentrating all production activities in the more cost-efficient firm. Spot subcontracting draws the firms to unilateral undertaking to prepare resources and cooperative resource allocation. This gives rise to an efficiency effect by balancing production and market selling between the firms, and a pooling effect that enables them to profit from synergies between markets. The subcontracting subject is crucial to the contribution of total cost saving relative to total revenue gain to the efficiency effect, but is inconsequential on the scale of the pooling effect. We conduct a comparative investigation into forward and spot subcontracting, with the subject playing a differentiating role, and explore the impacts of the means and variances of demand intercepts and the firms' costs on system performance under various horizontal subcontracting modes differentiated by timing and subject.
机译：我们调查了在向不确定的市场进行竞争的两家公司之间的横向分包。每个公司都管理资源以使两个公司的最终组装都必不可少的关键组件。横向分包合同规定其中一个准备关键组件，甚至为另一个组件生产最终产品。可以在资源准备之前或之后签署分包合同，我们分别称为远期分包合同和现货分包合同。在存在需求不确定性的情况下，分包合同在正向（即点或分包）分包之前（之后，分别）实现需求之前签署，而资源始终是事先准备好的。远期转包使公司可以通过将所有生产活动集中在更具成本效益的公司中来实现最大的总体成本节省。现场分包将公司吸引到单方面的工作中，以准备资源和合作分配资源。这通过平衡公司之间的生产和市场销售而产生效率效应，以及使他们能够从市场之间的协同效应中获利的集中效应。分包主题对于总成本节省相对于总收入收益对效率效应的贡献至关重要，但对集合效应的规模无关紧要。我们对远期和现货分包进行了比较研究，其中主题起着不同的作用，并探讨了按时间和主题区分的各种水平分包模式下需求截取的均值和方差以及企业成本对系统绩效的影响。

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