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Technology and Manufacturing in China before the Industrial Revolution and Glimpses of the Future

机译：工业革命之前的中国技术和制造业及其未来趋势

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摘要

We have four goals in this study. First, we chronicle China's history of technology and manufacturing before the Industrial Revolution. This history of monumental developments is scattered in dozen of books and hundreds of articles, but it is not available in a concise form. Although, this history is relevant to all disciplines in social sciences, science, and technology, it is most relevant to the discipline this journal represents. Second, we analyze the role of exports in improving quality of goods and improving manufacturing. Before the Industrial Revolution, China was the world leader in inventions and the world's largest manufacturer. Despite its strengths, it failed to become a major exporter. Exports could have helped it to unleash a quality evolution and to expand its economy further. Third, we describe the role of international relations and wars in economic development and economic decay. During the Industrial Revolution, China's manufacturing output decreased, and its economy took a big hit because of military conquests by Britain and the resulting dynamics of international relations. We also point out that China missed the opportunity to become a naval power before the Industrial Revolution, which contributed to its fate during the Industrial Revolution. Fourth, we briefly describe the dramatic changes in international relations after World War II, and China's emergence once gain as the world's largest manufacturer. We point out that exports have been a major driver of China's phenomenal economic growth. We also speculate on China's current options which may lead to a promising future for China and the world.
机译：在这项研究中，我们有四个目标。首先，我们对工业革命之前的中国技术和制造业历史进行编年史。巨大的发展历史散布在数十本书和数百篇文章中，但它并没有简明的形式。尽管这段历史与社会科学，科学和技术的所有学科有关，但与本期刊所代表的学科最相关。其次，我们分析了出口在提高商品质量和改善制造业中的作用。在工业革命之前，中国是发明的世界领导者和世界最大的制造国。尽管有其优势，但它未能成为主要出口国。出口本可以帮助它释放质量，并进一步扩大经济。第三，我们描述了国际关系和战争在经济发展和经济衰退中的作用。在工业革命期间，由于英国的军事征服以及由此产生的国际关系动态，中国的制造业产出下降，经济受到了巨大冲击。我们还指出，中国错过了在工业革命之前成为海军强国的机会，这在工业革命期间为其命运做出了贡献。第四，我们简要地描述了第二次世界大战后国际关系的急剧变化，以及中国的崛起一度成为世界最大的制造国。我们指出，出口一直是中国惊人的经济增长的主要动力。我们还推测了中国目前的选择，这可能会为中国和世界带来光明的未来。

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