The et al. means that there were additional authors (four, in this case) on each of the five articles. They searched the back pain literature and located 2,766 citations. Ten high-quality studies for the bending or twisting causal assessment met the criteria for inclusion in the article. For the awkward occupational postures assessment, eight studies passed muster. Twenty-four studies were found acceptable for the sitting article. The standing and walking assessment was developed from 18 studies. Thirty-two studies met the eligibility requirements for the manual handling assessment.
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