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Review of guidance techniques for landing on small bodies

机译：审查登陆小型机体的指导技术

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A renewed scientific interest has been growing in the exploration of small asteroids in addition to larger planetary bodies such as Mars, since their weaker gravitational field makes them more easily accessible. However, such exploratory missions are very challenging from an engineering perspective, particularly when striving for optimal propellant consumption. This is mostly due to the perturbed and poorly known characteristics of small planetary bodies but also, as shown by the European Rosetta mission, to the long-time degradation of spacecraft subsystems. In order to address this challenge, it has been long recognised the need for robust descent algorithms.However, Space guidance and control communities have different understandings, restricting the integration of scientific advances and even constraining their capabilities. To incite such an integration and guide engineers in the development of planetary descent algorithms, this survey gathers state-of-practice guidance and control techniques and presents them in an instructive fashion. In addition, it clarifies and reconciles different concepts from both guidance and control perspectives. The survey and reconciliation of concepts then lead to the identification of an underlying parametric generalisation of guidance techniques, suitable for the application of systematic optimisation tools. Albeit simple, this structural identification is very important as the latter tools have shown great promise and have already been employed, for example, for Rosetta's critical control update. Finally, special emphasis is placed on the robustness of those techniques against uncertainties.
机译：除了诸如火星之类的大型行星外，人们对小型小行星的探索也有了新的科学兴趣，因为它们的引力场较弱，因此更容易接近它们。但是，从工程的角度来看，这种探索性任务非常具有挑战性，特别是在争取最佳推进剂消耗时。这主要是由于小行星体的扰动和鲜为人知的特性所致，而且如欧洲罗塞塔号任务所显示的，还归因于航天器子系统的长期退化。为了应对这一挑战，人们早就认识到了对鲁棒下降算法的需求。然而，空间制导与控制界的理解不同，限制了科学进步的融合甚至限制了其能力。为了鼓励这种集成并指导工程师开发行星下降算法，本次调查收集了实践状态的指导和控制技术，并以指导性方式进行了介绍。此外，它从指导和控制的角度阐明和协调了不同的概念。然后，对概念进行调查和核对，即可确定出适用于系统优化工具应用的指导技术的潜在参数概括。尽管很简单，但是这种结构标识非常重要，因为后一种工具显示出了巨大的希望，并且已经被用于例如Rosetta的关键控制更新。最后，特别强调那些技术对不确定性的鲁棒性。

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