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首页> 外文期刊>Progress in Aerospace Sciences >The benefits of very low earth orbit for earth observation missions
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The benefits of very low earth orbit for earth observation missions

机译：地球观测特派团非常低地球轨道的好处

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摘要

Very low Earth orbits (VLEO), typically classified as orbits below approximately 450 km in altitude, have the potential to provide significant benefits to spacecraft over those that operate in higher altitude orbits. This paper provides a comprehensive review and analysis of these benefits to spacecraft operations in VLEO, with parametric investigation of those which apply specifically to Earth observation missions. The most significant benefit for optical imaging systems is that a reduction in orbital altitude improves spatial resolution for a similar payload specification. Alternatively mass and volume savings can be made whilst maintaining a given performance. Similarly, for radar and lidar systems, the signal-to-noise ratio can be improved. Additional benefits include improved geospatial position accuracy, improvements in communications link-budgets, and greater launch vehicle insertion capability. The collision risk with orbital debris and radiation environment can be shown to be improved in lower altitude orbits, whilst compliance with IADC guidelines for spacecraft post-mission lifetime and deorbit is also assisted. Finally, VLEO offers opportunities to exploit novel atmosphere-breathing electric propulsion systems and aerodynamic attitude and orbit control methods.However, key challenges associated with our understanding of the lower thermosphere, aerodynamic drag, the requirement to provide a meaningful orbital lifetime whilst minimising spacecraft mass and complexity, and atomic oxygen erosion still require further research. Given the scope for significant commercial, societal, and environmental impact which can be realised with higher performing Earth observation platforms, renewed research efforts to address the challenges associated with VLEO operations are required.
机译：非常低的地球轨道（VLEO），通常被归类为高度约450公里的轨道，有可能为宇宙飞船提供显着的益处，而不是在更高度的轨道上运行的那些。本文对VLEO中的航天器行动提供了全面的审查和分析，具有参数调查，专门针对地球观测特派团。光学成像系统的最显着益处是轨道高度的降低改善了类似有效载荷规范的空间分辨率。或者，可以在保持给定的性能的同时进行质量和体积节省。类似地，对于雷达和LIDAR系统，可以提高信噪比。额外的好处包括改进的地理空间位置精度，通信链路预算的改进，以及更大的发射车辆插入能力。可以在较低的高度轨道上显示出轨道碎片和辐射环境的碰撞风险，同时还遵守MADCRAFT后期任务生命周期和脱毛机构的IADC指南。最后，Vleo提供了利用新颖的氛围呼吸电动推进系统和空气动力学姿态和轨道控制方法的机会。但是，与我们对较低的热圈，空气动力阻力有关的关键挑战，需要提供有意义的轨道寿命，同时最小化航天器质量和复杂性，原子氧侵蚀仍需要进一步研究。鉴于可以实现更高的商业，社会和环境影响的范围，这可以通过高性能的地球观测平台实现，更新的研究努力解决与VLEO行动相关的挑战是必要的。

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  • 来源
    《Progress in Aerospace Sciences》 |2020年第8期|100619.1-100619.18|共18页
  • 作者

    Crisp N. H.; Roberts P. C. E.; Livadiotti S.; Oiko V. T. A.; Edmondson S.; Haigh S. J.; Huyton C.; Sinpetru L. A.; Smith K. L.; Worrall S. D.; Becedas J.; Dominguez R. M.; Gonzalez D.; Hanessian V; Molgaard A.; Nielsen J.; Bisgaard M.; Chan Y-A; Fasoulas S.; Herdrich G. H.; Romano F.; Traub C.; Garcia-Alminana D.; Rodriguez-Donaire S.; Sureda M.; Kataria D.; Outlaw R.; Belkouchi B.; Conte A.; Perez J. S.; Villain R.; Heisserer B.; Schwalber A.;

  • 作者单位

    Univ Manchester Oxford Rd Manchester M13 9PL Lancs England;

    Univ Manchester Oxford Rd Manchester M13 9PL Lancs England;

    Univ Manchester Oxford Rd Manchester M13 9PL Lancs England;

    Univ Manchester Oxford Rd Manchester M13 9PL Lancs England;

    Univ Manchester Oxford Rd Manchester M13 9PL Lancs England;

    Univ Manchester Oxford Rd Manchester M13 9PL Lancs England;

    Univ Manchester Oxford Rd Manchester M13 9PL Lancs England;

    Univ Manchester Oxford Rd Manchester M13 9PL Lancs England;

    Univ Manchester Oxford Rd Manchester M13 9PL Lancs England;

    Univ Manchester Oxford Rd Manchester M13 9PL Lancs England;

    Elecnor Deimos Satellite Syst Calle Francia 9 Puertollano 13500 Spain;

    Elecnor Deimos Satellite Syst Calle Francia 9 Puertollano 13500 Spain;

    Elecnor Deimos Satellite Syst Calle Francia 9 Puertollano 13500 Spain;

    GomSpace AS Langagervej 6 DK-9220 Aalborg Denmark;

    GomSpace AS Langagervej 6 DK-9220 Aalborg Denmark;

    GomSpace AS Langagervej 6 DK-9220 Aalborg Denmark;

    GomSpace AS Langagervej 6 DK-9220 Aalborg Denmark;

    Univ Stuttgart Inst Space Syst IRS Pfaffenwaldring 29 D-70569 Stuttgart Germany;

    Univ Stuttgart Inst Space Syst IRS Pfaffenwaldring 29 D-70569 Stuttgart Germany;

    Univ Stuttgart Inst Space Syst IRS Pfaffenwaldring 29 D-70569 Stuttgart Germany;

    Univ Stuttgart Inst Space Syst IRS Pfaffenwaldring 29 D-70569 Stuttgart Germany;

    Univ Stuttgart Inst Space Syst IRS Pfaffenwaldring 29 D-70569 Stuttgart Germany;

    UPC BarcelonaTECH Corer Colom 11 Barcelona 08222 Spain;

    UPC BarcelonaTECH Corer Colom 11 Barcelona 08222 Spain;

    UPC BarcelonaTECH Corer Colom 11 Barcelona 08222 Spain;

    Univ Coll London Mullard Space Sci Lab Holmbury St Mary Dorking RHS 6NT Surrey England;

    Christopher Newport Univ Newport News VA 23606 USA;

    Euroconsult 86 Blvd Sebastopol F-75003 Paris France;

    Euroconsult 86 Blvd Sebastopol F-75003 Paris France;

    Euroconsult 86 Blvd Sebastopol F-75003 Paris France;

    Euroconsult 86 Blvd Sebastopol F-75003 Paris France;

    Concentris Res Management GmbH Ludwigstr 4 D-82256 Furstenfeldbruck Germany;

    Concentris Res Management GmbH Ludwigstr 4 D-82256 Furstenfeldbruck Germany;

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  • 正文语种 eng
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  • 关键词

    Remote sensing; Optical imaging; Synthetic aperture radar; Orbital aerodynamics; Debris collision risk;

    机译：遥感;光学成像;合成孔径雷达;轨道空气动力学;碎片碰撞风险;

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