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Why Do People Need Self-Esteem? A Theoretical and Empirical Review

机译：人们为什么需要自尊心？理论与实证研究

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摘要

Terror management theory (TMT; J. Greenberg, T. Pyszczynski, & S. Solomon, 1986) posits that people are motivated to pursue positive self-evaluations because self-esteem provides a buffer against the omnipresent potential for anxiety engendered by the uniquely human awareness of mortality. Empirical evidence relevant to the theory is reviewed showing that high levels of self-esteem reduce anxiety and anxiety-related defensive behavior, reminders of one's mortality increase self-esteem striving and defense of self-esteem against threats in a variety of domains, high levels of self-esteem eliminate the effect of reminders of mortality on both self-esteem striving and the accessibility of death-related thoughts, and convincing people of the existence of an afterlife eliminates the effect of mortality salience on self-esteem striving. TMT is compared with other explanations for why people need self-esteem, and a critique of the most prominent of these, sociometer theory, is provided.
机译：恐怖管理理论（TMT; J. Greenberg，T. Pyszczynski，＆S.Solomon，1986）认为，人们有动力进行积极的自我评价，因为自尊为人们独特的人为焦虑带来的无处不在的潜力提供了缓冲死亡率意识。审查了与该理论相关的经验证据，表明高水平的自尊减少了焦虑和与焦虑相关的防御行为，提醒人们死亡增加了自尊奋斗和自尊防御各种领域的威胁，高水平自尊的消除消除了提醒死亡对自尊奋斗和死亡相关思想的可及性的影响，并且说服人们来世的存在消除了死亡率显着性对自尊奋斗的影响。将TMT与其他为什么人们需要自尊的解释进行了比较，并提供了对其中最突出的批评：社会计量学理论。

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