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Books, Not Comics: Publishing Fields, Globalization, and Japanese Manga in the United States

机译：书籍，而非漫画：出版领域，全球化和美国的日本漫画

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摘要

The market for Japanese comics, called manga, in the United States grew rapidly at the beginning of the twenty first century at a rate unprecedented in the publishing industry. Sales grew a remarkable 350% from $60 million in 2002 to $210 million in 2007 and did not begin to decline until the beginning of the recent economic downturn beginning in late 2008. No published research is yet able to account for this phenomenon in a manner that is both socially-situated and medium-specific. In this paper, I provide such a sociological account of the rise of manga in the United States and its implications for the globalization of culture. Adapting Pierre Bourdieu’s theoretical formulation of the cultural field, I argue that manga migrated from the comics field to the book field and that the ways in which industry practices, distribution networks, and target demographics differ between the two fields are directly responsible for the medium’s newfound visibility. Furthermore, I argue that, despite the now-common transparency of the Japanese origin of Japanese titles, the American publishing industry’s creation of manga as a category of books distinct from other comics is an ineluctable naturalizing process that ultimately erases from American consciousness the Japanese, the foreign, the other.
机译：在二十世纪初，日本漫画在日本的漫画市场迅速增长，出版业前所未有的速度。销售额从2002年的6,000万美元增长到2007年的2.1亿美元，增长了350％，并且直到2008年末开始的最近一次经济衰退开始才开始下降。目前尚无公开的研究能够以这种方式解释这种现象既有社会背景又有特定媒介。在本文中，我对美国漫画的兴起及其对文化全球化的影响提供了这样的社会学解释。根据皮埃尔·布迪厄（Pierre Bourdieu）对文化领域的理论表述，我认为漫画从漫画领域转移到了书本领域，并且这两个领域之间行业实践，发行网络和目标人群的差异直接导致了媒体的新发现。能见度。此外，我认为，尽管日本书名的日语起源现在已经很普遍，但美国出版业将漫画作为不同于其他漫画的一类书籍的创作，是一个不可避免的归化过程，最终会从美国人的意识中抹去日本人，外国，其他。

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