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首页> 外文期刊>Pure and Applied Geophysics >Effects of Off-fault Damage on Earthquake Rupture Propagation: Experimental Studies
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Effects of Off-fault Damage on Earthquake Rupture Propagation: Experimental Studies

机译：断层破坏对地震破裂传播的影响：实验研究

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We review the results of a recent series of papers in which the interaction between a dynamic mode II fracture on a fault plane and off-fault damage has been studied using high-speed photography. In these experiments, fracture damage was created in photoelastic Homalite plates by thermal shock in liquid nitrogen and rupture velocities were measured by imaging fringes at the tips. In this paper we review these experiments and discuss how they might be scaled from lab to field using a recent theoretical model for dynamic rupture propagation. Three experimental configurations were investigated: An interface between two damaged Homalite plates, an interface between damaged and undamaged Homalite plates, and the interface between damaged Homalite and undamaged polycarbonate plates. In each case, the velocity was compared with that on a fault between the equivalent undamaged plates at the same load. Ruptures on the interface between two damaged Homalite plates travel at sub-Rayleigh velocities indicating that sliding on off-fault fractures dissipates energy, even though no new damage is created. Propagation on the interface between damaged and undamaged Homalite is asymmetric. Ruptures propagating in the direction for which the compressional lobe of their crack-tip stress field is in the damage (which we term the ‘C’ direction) are unaffected by the damage. In the opposite ‘T’ direction, the rupture velocity is significantly slower than the velocity in undamaged plates at the same load. Specifically, transitions to supershear observed using undamaged plates are not observed in the ‘T’ direction. Propagation on the interface between damaged Homalite and undamaged polycarbonate exhibits the same asymmetry, even though the elastically “favored” ‘+’ direction coincides with the ‘T’ direction in this case. The scaling properties of the interaction between the crack-tip field and pre-existing off-fault damage (i.e., no new damage is created) are explored using an analytic model for a nonsingular slip-weakening shear slip-pulse and verified using the velocity history of a slip pulse measured in the laboratory and a direct laboratory measurement of the interaction range using damage zones of various widths adjacent to the fault. Keywords dynamic rupture - fracture damage - supershear rupture - asymmetric propagation - fault zone - slip pulse
机译：我们回顾了最近一系列论文的结果，其中使用高速摄影技术研究了断裂面上的动态模式II断裂与断层破坏之间的相互作用。在这些实验中，液氮中的热冲击在光弹性Homalite板中造成了断裂损伤，并通过成像边缘的尖端测量了断裂速度。在本文中，我们将对这些实验进行回顾，并讨论如何使用最新的动态破裂传播理论模型将它们从实验室扩展到现场。研究了三种实验配置：两个损坏的Homalite板之间的界面，损坏的和未损坏的Homalite板之间的界面以及损坏的Homalite和未损坏的聚碳酸酯板之间的界面。在每种情况下，将速度与相同载荷下等效的未损坏板之间的故障速度进行比较。在两个损坏的Homalite板之间的界面上的破裂以次Rayleigh速度传播，这表明断层裂缝上的滑动会耗散能量，即使没有产生新的损坏。在受损和未损坏的霍马岩之间的界面上的传播是不对称的。沿裂纹尖端应力场的压缩波瓣在损坏方向（我们称为“ C”方向）传播的破裂不受损坏的影响。在相反的“ T”方向上，在相同载荷下，破裂速度明显慢于未损坏板的破裂速度。具体而言，在“ T”方向上未观察到使用未损坏的板观察到的超剪切转变。即使在这种情况下，弹性的“偏爱”“ +”方向与“ T”方向重合，受损的Homalite和未损坏的聚碳酸酯之间的界面上的传播也表现出相同的不对称性。使用非奇异滑动减弱剪切滑移脉冲的解析模型来探究裂纹尖端场与预先存在的断层破坏（即，不产生新的破坏）之间的相互作用的缩放性质，并使用速度进行验证在实验室中测量到的滑动脉冲的历史记录，以及使用邻近断层的各种宽度的损坏区域对相互作用范围进行直接的实验室测量。关键词动态断裂断裂破坏超剪切断裂非对称传播断层带滑动脉冲

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