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首页> 外文期刊>Pure and Applied Geophysics >Geological Observations of Damage Asymmetry in the Structure of the San Jacinto, San Andreas and Punchbowl Faults in Southern California: A Possible Indicator for Preferred Rupture Propagation Direction
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Geological Observations of Damage Asymmetry in the Structure of the San Jacinto, San Andreas and Punchbowl Faults in Southern California: A Possible Indicator for Preferred Rupture Propagation Direction

机译：在南加州的圣哈辛托，圣安德烈亚斯和庞克鲍尔断层结构中破坏不对称的地质观察：破裂破裂传播方向的可能指示

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摘要

We present new in situ observations of systematic asymmetry in the pattern of damage expressed by fault zone rocks along sections of the San Andreas, San Jacinto, and Punchbowl faults in southern California. The observed structural asymmetry has consistent manifestations at a fault core scale of millimeters to meters, a fault zone scale of meters to tens of meters and related geomorphologic features. The observed asymmetric signals are in agreement with other geological and geophysical observations of structural asymmetry in a damage zone scale of tens to hundreds of meters. In all of those scales, more damage is found on the side of the fault with faster seismic velocities at seismogenic depths. The observed correlation between the damage asymmetry and local seismic velocity structure is compatible with theoretical predictions associated with preferred propagation direction of earthquake ruptures along faults that separate different crustal blocks. The data are consistent with a preferred northwestward propagation direction for ruptures on all three faults. If our results are supported by additional observations, asymmetry of structural properties determined in field studies can be utilized to infer preferred propagation direction of large earthquake ruptures along a given fault section. The property of a preferred rupture direction can explain anomalous behavior of historic rupture events, and may have profound implications for many aspects of earthquake physics on large faults.
机译：我们在加利福尼亚南部的圣安德烈亚斯，圣哈辛托和庞克鲍尔断层的断层带岩石所表现的破坏模式中，呈现系统不对称的新的原位观测。所观察到的结构不对称性在毫米至几米的断层核心尺度，几米至几十米的断层带尺度以及相关的地貌特征中具有一致的表现。观测到的不对称信号与数十到数百米的破坏区规模中的结构不对称性的其他地质和地球物理观测结果一致。在所有这些尺度上，在断层一侧发现的破坏更多，而在地震发生深度处的地震速度更快。所观察到的损伤非对称性与局部地震速度结构之间的相关性与理论预测相一致，该理论预测与沿分开不同地壳块的断层的地震破裂的优选传播方向有关。该数据与所有三个断层破裂的首选西北传播方向一致。如果我们的结果得到其他观察结果的支持，则可以利用现场研究中确定的结构特性的不对称性来推断沿给定断层断面的大地震破裂的优选传播方向。首选破裂方向的特性可以解释历史破裂事件的异常行为，并且可能对大断层的地震物理学的许多方面产生深远的影响。

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