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Discrete Element Modeling of Stress and Strain Evolution Within and Outside a Depleting Reservoir

机译：枯竭水库内外应力和应变演化的离散元建模

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Stress changes within and around a depleting petroleum reservoir can lead to reservoir compaction and surface subsidence, affect drilling and productivity of oil wells, and influence seismic waves used for monitoring of reservoir performance. Currently modeling efforts are split into more or less coupled geomechanical (normally linearly elastic), fluid flow, and geophysical simulations. There is evidence (from e.g. induced seismicity) that faults may be triggered or generated as a result of reservoir depletion. The numerical technique that most adequately incorporates fracture formation is the DEM (Discrete Element Method). This paper demonstrates the feasibility of the DEM (here PFC; Particle Flow Code) to handle this problem. Using an element size of 20 m, 2-D and 3-D simulations have been performed of stress and strain evolution within and around a depleting reservoir. Within limits of elasticity, the simulations largely reproduce analytical predictions; the accuracy is however limited by the element size. When the elastic limit is exceeded, faulting is predicted, particularly near the edge of the reservoir. Simulations have also been performed to study the activation of a pre-existing fault near a depleting reservoir.
机译：枯竭的石油储层内部和周围的应力变化会导致储层压实和地表沉陷，影响油井的钻井和生产率，并影响用于监测储层性能的地震波。当前，建模工作大致分为耦合的地质力学（通常为线性弹性），流体流动和地球物理模拟。有证据（例如从诱发的地震活动）表明，储层枯竭可能触发或产生断层。最能充分体现裂缝形成的数值技术是DEM（离散元法）。本文演示了DEM（此处为PFC；粒子流代码）解决此问题的可行性。使用20 m的单元尺寸，已经对枯竭的储层内部和周围的应力和应变演化进行了2-D和3-D模拟。在弹性范围内，模拟在很大程度上重现了分析预测；但是，精度受元素尺寸的限制。当超过弹性极限时，会预测出断层，特别是在储层边缘附近。还进行了模拟以研究枯竭储层附近已存在的断层的活化作用。

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