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首页> 外文期刊>Quaternary International >Ancient Maya sylviculture of breadnut (Brosimum alicastrum Sw.) and sapodilla (Manilkara zapota (L.) P. Royen) at Naachtun (Guatemala): A reconstruction based on charcoal analysis
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Ancient Maya sylviculture of breadnut (Brosimum alicastrum Sw.) and sapodilla (Manilkara zapota (L.) P. Royen) at Naachtun (Guatemala): A reconstruction based on charcoal analysis

机译：纳赫屯（危地马拉）的面包果（Brosimum alicastrum Sw。）和人心果（Manilkara zapota（L.）P. Royen）的古代玛雅人造林：基于木炭分析的重建

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Researchers have long argued that the ancient Maya actively exploited forest resources, but the nature of these forest economies and their long-term impact on the landscape are still vigorously debated. We address this issue through charcoal analysis at the Classic site of Naachtun (Northern Guatemala), systematically analyzing the use of the breadnut (Brosimum alicastrum) and sapodilla (Manilkara zapota) trees for domestic firewood over eight centuries. These two species are among the most economically and ecologically valuable for modern Maya people, and have been at the core of the debate concerning ancient Maya subsistence economy. We carry out an experimental anthracological study and discuss the implications of its results from a diachronic and taphonomic perspective for the ancient Maya site of Naachtun. We assume that sapodilla wood was intensively exploited as a primary source of fuel throughout the site's occupation history, and that its importance in the fuel economy until the city's abandonment was the product of careful management practices. Our results also indicate that breadnut wood use may have been much more significant than generally perceived in the charcoal records of Maya Lowland sites. An increase in breadnut wood use during the Late Classic, which corresponds to the demographic apogee of Naachtun, is evidence that this tree was of sufficient economic and/or ecological importance to be maintained despite the growing population pressure on the local forest. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd and INQUA. All rights reserved.
机译：长期以来，研究人员一直在争论古代玛雅人积极开发森林资源，但这些森林经济的性质及其对景观的长期影响仍在激烈辩论中。我们通过对Naachtun（危地马拉北部）的Classic地点的木炭分析来解决此问题，系统地分析了八个世纪以来面包木（面包树）和人心木（Manilkara zapota）树用于家用柴火的情况。对于现代玛雅人来说，这两个物种是最经济和生态上最有价值的物种，并且一直是有关古代玛雅人自给经济的辩论的核心。我们进行了一项实验性的人类学研究，并从历时和塔基学角度讨论了其结果对纳赫屯古玛雅遗址的影响。我们假定人心果在整个场地的使用历史中都被大量用作燃料的主要来源，并且它在燃料经济中的重要性直到城市被废弃之前都是精心管理的产物。我们的研究结果还表明，面包圈木料的使用可能比Maya Lowland遗址木炭记录中普遍认为的要重要得多。古典后期，面包木的使用量增加，这与纳赫屯（Naachtun）的人口最高点相对应。这证明，尽管当地森林的人口压力不断增加，但这种树仍具有足够的经济和/或生态重要性。 （C）2017爱思唯尔有限公司和INQUA。版权所有。

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