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首页> 外文期刊>Race and Social Problems >The Racial Achievement Gap, Segregated Schools, and Segregated Neighborhoods: A Constitutional Insult
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The Racial Achievement Gap, Segregated Schools, and Segregated Neighborhoods: A Constitutional Insult

机译：种族成就差距，偏僻的学校和偏僻的社区：违宪行为

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Social and economic disadvantage—not only poverty, but a host of associated conditions—depresses student performance. Concentrating students with these disadvantages in racially and economically homogenous schools depresses it further. Schools that the most disadvantaged black children attend are segregated because they are located in segregated high-poverty neighborhoods, far distant from truly middle-class neighborhoods. Living in such high-poverty neighborhoods for multiple generations adds an additional barrier to achievement, and multigenerational segregated poverty characterizes many African American children today. Education policy is constrained by housing policy: it is not possible to desegregate schools without desegregating both low-income and affluent neighborhoods. However, the policy motivation to desegregate neighborhoods is hobbled by a growing ignorance of the nation’s racial history. It has become conventional for policymakers to assert that the residential isolation of low-income black children is now “de facto,” the accident of economic circumstance, demographic trends, personal preference, and private discrimination. But the historical record demonstrates that residential segregation is “de jure,” resulting from racially motivated and explicit public policy whose effects endure to the present. Without awareness of the history of state-sponsored residential segregation, policymakers are unlikely to take meaningful steps to understand or fulfill the constitutional mandate to remedy the racial isolation of neighborhoods, or the school segregation that flows from it.
机译：社会和经济劣势-不仅是贫穷，而且是许多相关条件-压低学生的表现。在种族和经济上同质的学校中集中这些不利条件的学生会进一步压抑它。处境最不利的黑人儿童上学的学校是隔离的，因为它们位于隔离的高贫困社区，与真正的中产阶级社区相距甚远。在这样的高贫困地区居住多代人，这又增加了成就的障碍，而多代隔离的贫困是当今许多非洲裔美国儿童的特征。教育政策受到住房政策的限制：如果不对低收入社区和富裕社区进行隔离，就不可能对学校进行隔离。然而，对种族隔离的政策动机因对该国种族历史的日益无知而受到阻碍。政策制定者断言，低收入的黑人儿童在住宅上的隔离如今已成为“事实”，这是经济情况，人口趋势，个人喜好和私人歧视的事故。但是历史记录表明，种族隔离是“法律上的”，这是出于种族动机和明确的公共政策的影响，这种影响一直持续到现在。如果不了解政府资助的居民隔离的历史，政策制定者就不可能采取有意义的步骤来理解或履行宪法规定，以纠正邻里的种族隔离或由此产生的学校隔离。

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