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Britannica on the eve of its 250th birthday: an Encyclopedia's metamorphosis

机译：大不列颠诞辰250周年前夕：百科全书的变态

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Purpose - This paper aims to explore the recent history of the Encyclopedia Britannica: how its contents evolved over the course of the twentieth and early twenty-first century, how technological changes almost led to its demise and its transformation from a print to an online source. Design/methodology/approach - This paper traces Britannica's history during most of the twentieth century to today using relevant literature. It also examines how Britannica's editors used continuous revision to edit numerous print editions throughout most of the twentieth century. The author used both print and online versions of the Britannica to track how particular entries changed or remained the same over a 106-year span. Findings - Although many Britannica entries did not change for decades, it still managed to update numerous encyclopedic articles in an age before computers and instant editing. Britannica persisted despite challenges to its existence that resulted from technological changes and imprudent business decisions. On the eve of its 250th birthday, Britannica has managed to survive as an online product that continues to educate new generations of researchers. Originality/value - This paper examines a subject that has been explored in the past but not in recent years. Despite previous missteps and competition from Wikipedia and other online reference tools, this paper argues that Britannica still has relevance today.
机译：目的-本文旨在探讨《大不列颠百科全书》的最新历史：其内容在二十世纪至二十一世纪初如何演变，技术变革如何几乎导致其消亡以及从印刷品到在线资源的转变。设计/方法/方法-本文使用相关文献追溯了大不列颠在20世纪大部分时间的历史。它还检查了Britannica的编辑如何在整个20世纪的大部分时间里使用连续修订来编辑众多印刷版本。作者使用Britannica的印刷版和在线版来跟踪特定条目在106年的时间内如何变化或保持不变。调查结果-尽管许多不列颠人的条目数十年来都没有发生变化，但它仍然设法在计算机和即时编辑时代之前更新了许多百科全书。尽管由于技术变革和不明智的业务决策而给大不列颠的生存带来挑战，但大不列颠仍然坚持。大不列颠诞辰250周年前夕，它作为一种在线产品得以幸存下来，继续教育着新一代的研究人员。原创性/价值-本文研究了过去但近年来没有探索过的主题。尽管之前有过失误，也没有来自维基百科和其他在线参考工具的竞争，但本文认为，大不列颠今天仍然具有现实意义。

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