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Climate change mitigation potential of community-based initiatives in Europe

机译：欧洲基于社区的倡议在缓解气候变化方面的潜力

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摘要

There is a growing recognition that a transition to a sustainable low-carbon society is urgently needed. This transition takes place at multiple and complementary scales, including bottom-up approaches such as community-based initiatives (CBIs). However, empirical research on CBIs has focused until now on anecdotal evidence and little work has been done to quantitatively assess their impact in terms of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. In this paper, we analyze 38 European initiatives across the food, energy, transport, and waste sectors to address the following questions: How can the GHG reduction potential of CBIs be quantified and analyzed in a systematic manner across different sectors? What is the GHG mitigation potential of CBIs and how does the reduction potential differ across domains? Through the comparison of the emission intensity arising from the goods and services the CBIs provide in relation to a business-as-usual scenario, we present the potential they have across different activities. This constitutes the foundational step to upscaling and further understanding their potential contribution to achieving climate change mitigation targets. Our findings indicate that energy generation through renewable sources, changes in personal transportation, and dietary change present by far the highest GHG mitigation activities analyzed, since they reduce the carbon footprint of CBI beneficiaries by 24%, 11%, and 7%, respectively. In contrast, the potential for some activities, such as locally grown organic food, is limited. The service provided by these initiatives only reduces the carbon footprint by 0.1%. Overall, although the proliferation of CBIs is very desirable from a climate change mitigation perspective it is necessary to stress that bottom-up initiatives present other important positive dimensions besides GHG mitigation. These initiatives also hold the potential of improving community resilience by strengthening local economies and enhancing social cohesion.
机译：人们日益认识到，迫切需要向可持续的低碳社会过渡。这种过渡发生在多个互补的规模上，包括自下而上的方法，例如基于社区的计划（CBI）。然而，到目前为止，对CBIs的经验研究一直集中在轶事证据上，并且几乎没有开展任何工作来定量评估其对温室气体（GHG）排放的影响。在本文中，我们分析了食品，能源，运输和废物部门的38项欧洲倡议，以解决以下问题：如何以系统的方式在各个部门之间量化和分析CBI减少温室气体的潜力？ CBIs的温室气体减排潜力是什么？跨领域减排潜力有何不同？通过比较CBI提供的与日常业务有关的商品和服务产生的排放强度，我们介绍了它们在不同活动中的潜力。这是扩大规模并进一步了解其对实现缓解气候变化目标的潜在贡献的基础步骤。我们的发现表明，迄今为止，通过可再生资源产生的能源，个人交通方式的变化和饮食的变化是目前所分析的最大的温室气体减排活动，因为它们分别使CBI受益人的碳足迹减少了24％，11％和7％。相反，某些活动（例如本地种植的有机食品）的潜力有限。这些计划提供的服务仅减少了0.1％的碳足迹。总体而言，尽管从缓解气候变化的角度来看，CBIs的扩散是非常可取的，但有必要强调的是，自下而上的倡议除了减少温室气体外，还具有其他重要的积极方面。这些举措还具有通过加强地方经济和增强社会凝聚力来提高社区适应力的潜力。

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