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Upscaling from the grassroots: potential aggregate carbon reduction from community-based initiatives in Europe

机译：从基层升级：欧洲基于社区的计划可能减少的总碳量

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摘要

Anthropogenic activities are mainly responsible for the accelerated pace and magnitude of global environmental and climate change. Although several programs aiming at fuelling climate change mitigation have been adopted internationally in the last decades and localized improvements have been observed, the results expected by international institutions are regrettably still out of reach. Meanwhile, societies have experienced a significant proliferation of community-based initiatives (CBIs) fostering sustainable societal transition through different practices. Some studies claim that bottom-up activities may address sustainability issues more efficiently than top-down policies when appropriately scaled up. However, these are based mostly on anecdotal local evidence, and a systematic evaluation of the extent of CBIs' potential contribution to climate change mitigation action at a larger scale has never been investigated. This paper elaborates a scaling-up exercise for CBIs' carbon reduction at a broader scale and presents results about potential implications for European countries. Our findings suggest that, although varying greatly among countries, CBIs' contribution to reach GHG reduction targets at the European scale can be important. However, a carbon reduction of such magnitude requires a substantial societal engagement in sustainable activities. Although societies cannot rely solely on the scaling-up of lifestyle changes promoted by CBIs to fulfill future environmental targets, policy makers should not neglect the large potential of societal engagement and should try to facilitate synergies between CBIs, industries, and institutions in developing climate change mitigation action.
机译：人为活动主要是造成全球环境和气候变化步伐加快和程度加快的原因。尽管在过去的几十年中，国际上已经采取了一些旨在促进减缓气候变化的方案，并且已经观察到局部的改善，但是令人遗憾的是，国际机构所期望的结果仍然遥不可及。同时，社会经历了以社区为基础的倡议（CBI）的大量扩散，这些倡议通过不同的实践促进可持续的社会转型。一些研究声称，自上而下的活动在适当扩大规模上可能比自上而下的政策更有效地解决可持续性问题。但是，这些主要是基于当地的轶事证据，而且从未研究过CBI在更大范围内对缓解气候变化行动的潜在贡献程度的系统评估。本文详细阐述了CBI在更广泛的范围内减少碳排放的规模，并提出了对欧洲国家潜在影响的结果。我们的发现表明，尽管各国之间差异很大，但CBI对于实现欧洲规模的温室气体减排目标的贡献可能很重要。但是，如此大规模的碳减排需要社会大量参与可持续性活动。尽管社会不能完全依靠CBI促进生活方式的改变来实现未来的环境目标，但政策制定者不应忽视社会参与的巨大潜力，而应努力促进CBI，行业和机构在发展气候变化中的协同作用缓解措施。

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