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Landscape pattern change in Marakan protected area, Iran

机译：伊朗马拉坎保护区的景观格局变化

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The importance of protected areas (PAs) is mainly to protect biodiversity that is affected by the interactions between climate changes, landscape connectivity, and land use. The objectives are (1) identifying land use/cover classes and their changes occurred in the studied period, (2) quantifying landscape pattern to analyze the diversity, complexity, and fragmentation characteristics at class and landscape levels. Land use/cover (LU/LC) changes of the Marakan protected area (MPA), as a biodiversity hotspot in the northwest of Iran, were investigated with post-classification method, and also landscape pattern changes were analyzed using landscape metrics at the class and landscape levels in a time span of 31years. The most obvious observations were as follows: (1) incremental changes occurred in the area of human-dominated LU/LC types and a tendency for development of merging patches and emerging new patches was detected. (2) Rangelands as the dominant LU/LC types in MPA depicted mainly a trend for conversion into low-quality rangelands, (3) MPA at the landscape level witnessed a decrease in the fragmentation due to decreasing of the patches number specifically in high and low-density rangeland and merging process of patches in human-dominated LU/LC types. The main net changes are considered as negative from the ecological point of view, mainly in high-density rangeland that undoubtedly affects ecosystem process and function. Therefore, the decision makers and planners may consider and manage these undesirable changes on the landscape scale, which can be easily understood by local people.
机译：保护区（PAs）的重要性主要是保护受气候变化，景观连通性和土地利用之间的相互作用影响的生物多样性。目的是（1）确定研究期间的土地利用/覆被类别及其变化；（2）量化景观格局，以分析类别和景观水平的多样性，复杂性和破碎特征。使用后分类方法研究了伊朗西北部作为马拉维保护区的马拉卡保护区（MPA）的土地利用/覆盖（LU / LC）变化，并使用该类景观指标分析了景观格局变化以及31年内的景观水平。最明显的观察结果如下：（1）在以人为主导的LU / LC类型区域发生了增量变化，并且发现了合并补丁和新兴补丁的发展趋势。 （2）草地作为MPA中主要的LU / LC类型，主要表现为向低品质草地转变的趋势，（3）在景观水平上，MPA的碎片减少是由于斑块数量减少，特别是在高海拔地区低密度草地和人为主导的LU / LC类型斑块的融合过程。从生态学角度来看，主要的净变化被认为是负面的，主要发生在毫无疑问影响生态系统过程和功能的高密度草地上。因此，决策者和规划者可以在景观尺度上考虑和管理这些不希望的变化，这些变化很容易被当地人理解。

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