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Droughts, livelihoods, and human migration in northern Ethiopia

机译：埃塞俄比亚北部的干旱，生计和人类移民

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摘要

Our study examines the effects of drought on livelihoods and human migration in the rural highlands of northern Ethiopia, one of the most affected regions during the 2015 drought. We conducted a household survey contextualized by focus group discussions in two rural sending areas. Drought intensity was similar in both areas, but drought impacts and farmer's response strategies differed. Overall, we observed significant strategy changes, including a drastic shift from subsistence crop production to livestock sale among farmers being dependent on the March-June rainfall (belg season). Our results suggest that drought increases mobility, primarily through triggering short-term migration to closer destinations to cover immediate needs like food shortages. Four out of ten households in both regions engaged in migration. Nonetheless, migration tends to be context specific with respect to barriers and opportunities for participation, with distance, duration, and perceptions of migration as well as the underlying motives being region-specific. We conclude that understanding livelihood strategy changes requires an embedding in a larger context rather than focusing on one particular driver. Migrationone important livelihood strategy in northern Ethiopiais the result of a complex interplay of factors, drought perhaps being only one of them. Based on our finding, we reason the decision to migrate is strongly moderated by the drought rather than it is directly driven by it.
机译：我们的研究探讨了干旱对埃塞俄比亚北部北部农村高地生计和人类移民的影响，是2015年干旱期间受影响最大的地区。我们在两个农村送达领域进行了专注于集团讨论的家庭调查。两种区域的干旱强度相似，但干旱影响和农民的反应策略不同。总体而言，我们观察到重大的战略变化，包括从生存的农作物生产到畜牧业的牲畜销售依赖于6月降雨（Belg季节）。我们的结果表明，干旱提高了移动性，主要是通过触发短期迁移到更接近的目的地，以覆盖粮食短缺等需求。两个地区的十家家庭中有四个家庭从事迁移。尽管如此，迁移往往是关于参与的障碍和机会的上下文，距离，持续时间和移民的看法以及所在地区特异性的潜在动机。我们得出结论，理解生计策略变化需要在更大的背景下嵌入，而不是专注于一个特定的驾驶员。迁徙的重要生计战略在埃世北方北方因素复杂相互作用的结果，也许是其中一个。根据我们的发现，我们原因迁移的决定被干旱强烈调节，而不是直接驱动它。

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  • 来源
    《Regional Environmental Change》 |2019年第4期|1101-1111|共11页
  • 作者

    Hermans Kathleen; Garbe Lisa;

  • 作者单位

    UFZ Helmholtz Ctr Environm Res Dept Computat Landscape Ecol Permoserstr 15 D-04318 Leipzig Germany|Wageningen Univ Lab Geoinformat Sci & Remote Sensing Wageningen Netherlands;

    Univ St Gallen HSG SEPS Muller Friedberg Str 6-8 CH-9000 St Gallen Switzerland;

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  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
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  • 关键词

    Drought; Livelihoods; Migration; Ethiopia;

    机译：干旱;生计;迁移;埃塞俄比亚;

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