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Restoration of the lower reaches of the Tarim River in China

机译：中国塔里木河下游的恢复

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The middle and lower reaches of the Tarim River are areas of rich biodiversity and natural resources in the inland arid region of China. However, the Tarim River and its associated wetlands have been severely damaged and fragmented during the past several decades. To restore the deteriorated ecosystem and preserve the endangered riverine vegetation along the Tarim River, a project for releasing water from upper dams to the lower reaches of the Tarim River was initiated by China's government in 2000. Between 2000 and 2005, we monitored the responses of groundwater levels and vegetation to this mitigation along nine transects spaced at mean intervals of 45 km along the river from Daxihaizi Reservoir, the source of water conveyance, to the Lake Taitema, the mouth of the Tarim River. We found that average groundwater levels rose significantly from 8 to 4 m below ground surface. Species diversity did not change during the 5-year period, but the total vegetation coverage and canopy size of some species significantly increased. The endangered tree species, Populus euphratica, started to regenerate. Our results indicated that species diversity might recover very slowly, even if the trial water release program became a permanent river management practice. Management decisions about allocating limited water supplies among competing uses in arid regions will ultimately determine whether degraded river ecosystems, such as the Tarim River, can be restored.
机译：塔里木河中下游是中国内陆干旱地区生物多样性和自然资源丰富的地区。然而，在过去的几十年中，塔里木河及其相关的湿地遭到了严重破坏和支离破碎。为了恢复塔里木河沿岸退化的生态系统并保护濒临灭绝的河流植被，中国政府于2000年启动了从大坝向塔里木河下游放水的项目。2000年至2005年，我们监测了从大溪海子水库（水源）到塔里木河河口的泰特玛湖，沿这条河沿河以9公里的间隔平均间隔45公里的地下水位和植被。我们发现平均地下水位从地表以下8 m显着上升。物种多样性在5年内没有变化，但是某些物种的总植被覆盖和冠层大小显着增加。濒临灭绝的树种胡杨（Populus euphratica）开始再生。我们的结果表明，即使试水释放计划成为永久性河流管理实践，物种多样性也可能恢复得非常缓慢。关于在干旱地区的竞争用途之间分配有限的供水的管理决策将最终决定是否可以恢复退化的河流生态系统，例如塔里木河。

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