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Biodiversity provides ecosystem services: scientific results versus stakeholders' knowledge

机译：生物多样性提供生态系统服务：科学成果与利益相关者的知识

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摘要

Exploiting the complementarities between biological components in agricultural systems is presented as a solution to increase food production and decrease environmental problems. This amounts to maximizing the ecosystem services (i.e., the benefits human obtain from ecosystems) provided by biodiversity at the expense of the disservices (i.e., the nuisances human obtain from ecosystems). In recent years, science has produced significant results supporting this strategy, but their application in the field is dependent on stakeholders' knowledge. This article therefore addresses two questions: What do stakeholders know about the services and disservices provided by biodiversity? Does this knowledge agree with scientific results? We address these questions by combining a literature review of 39 scientific articles and interviews with 8 farmers and 3 farm advisors in France. Scientific results and stakeholders' knowledge both indicate that within- and between-field plant biodiversity have a positive effect on the provision of ecosystem services. For instance, it can reduce inputs and give higher and more stable plant production. It may even improve farmers' management conditions. However, our work revealed two gaps in our scientific knowledge. Only 3 scientific articles connected ecosystem services with plant biodiversity at the farm scale or between fields, while stakeholders did so for 43 % of the services they mentioned. Similarly, management services concerned about one-third of the services mentioned by stakeholders but were addressed in only 3 scientific articles. Stakeholders' expertise can thus help us to prioritize research options in order to simultaneously fill scientific gaps and produce knowledge relevant to practice.
机译：提出利用农业系统中生物成分之间的互补性作为增加粮食产量和减少环境问题的解决方案。这等于最大化了由生物多样性提供的生态系统服务（即人类从生态系统中获得的利益），但以损害社会服务（即人类从生态系统中获得的滋扰）为代价。近年来，科学取得了可观的成果来支持这一战略，但其在该领域的应用取决于利益相关者的知识。因此，本文解决了两个问题：利益相关者对生物多样性提供的服务和损害了解多少？这些知识与科学结果一致吗？通过结合对39篇科学文章的文献综述以及对法国8位农民和3位农业顾问的访谈，我们解决了这些问题。科学结果和利益相关者的知识都表明田间和田间植物生物多样性对生态系统服务的提供具有积极作用。例如，它可以减少投入并提供更高和更稳定的工厂生产。它甚至可以改善农民的管理条件。但是，我们的工作揭示了我们科学知识中的两个空白。在农场规模或田间之间只有3篇科学文章将生态系统服务与植物生物多样性联系起来，而利益相关者在他们提到的服务中占43％。同样，管理服务涉及利益相关者提及的服务的三分之一，但仅在3篇科学文章中进行了介绍。利益相关者的专业知识因此可以帮助我们确定研究方案的优先顺序，以便同时填补科学空白并产生与实践相关的知识。

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