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Spacecraft electrical power subsystem: Failure behavior, reliability, and multi-state failure analyses

机译：航天器电源子系统：故障行为，可靠性和多状态故障分析

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This article investigates the degradation and failure behavior of spacecraft electrical power subsystem (EPS) on orbit. First, this work provides updated statistical reliability and multi-state failure analyses of spacecraft EPS and its different constituents, namely the batteries, the power distribution, and the solar arrays. The EPS is shown to suffer from infant mortality and to be a major driver of spacecraft unreliability. Over 25% of all spacecraft failures are the result of EPS failures. As a result, satellite manufacturers may wish to pursue targeted improvement to this subsystem, either through better testing or burn-in procedures, better design or parts selection, or additional redundancy. Second, this work investigates potential differences in the EPS degradation and failure behavior for spacecraft in low earth orbits (LEO) and geosynchronous orbits (CEO). This analysis was motivated by the recognition that the power/load cycles and the space environment are significantly different in LEO and GEO, and as such, they may result in different failure behavior for the EPS in these two types of orbits. The results indicate, and quantify the extent to which, the EPS fails differently in LEO and GEO, both in terms of frequency and severity of failure events. A casual summary of the findings can be stated as follows: the EPS fails less frequently but harder (with fatal consequences to the spacecraft) in LEO than in GEO.
机译：本文研究了航天器电源子系统（EPS）在轨道上的退化和失效行为。首先，这项工作提供了航天器EPS及其不同组成部分（即电池，配电和太阳能电池阵列）的更新统计可靠性和多状态故障分析。事实证明，EPS会导致婴儿死亡，并且是航天器不可靠的主要驱动因素。在所有航天器故障中，有25％以上是EPS故障的结果。结果，卫星制造商可能希望通过更好的测试或老化程序，更好的设计或零件选择或额外的冗余来有针对性地对该子系统进行改进。其次，这项工作调查了航天器在低地球轨道（LEO）和地球同步轨道（CEO）中EPS降解和失效行为的潜在差异。该分析的动机是认识到LEO和GEO的功率/负载周期和空间环境存在显着差异，因此，它们可能导致这两种类型的轨道中EPS的失效行为不同。结果表明并量化了失败事件发生的频率和严重性，EPS在LEO和GEO中的失败程度有所不同。研究结果的简短总结可以说如下：与LEO相比，LEO的EPS失败的频率更低，但更困难（对航天器造成致命的后果）。

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