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Comparing internal and external lead users as sources of innovation

机译：比较内部和外部主要用户作为创新来源

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External lead users' ideas are valuable to firms but difficult to access due to their location outside organizational boundaries. A potential solution to this problem is to employ lead users within organizations, i.e. to use internal/embedded lead users. Due to their ability to link knowledge about needs and solutions, internal lead users can be expected to produce better ideas compared to external lead users or ordinary employees. We test this conjecture in the home appliances industry using a sample of 864 employees (283 ideas) and 239 users (66 ideas). We find that internal lead users' ideas are of higher quality than those of ordinary employees and users, but - unexpectedly - are of lower quality than the ideas of external lead users. These findings contribute to research on internal/embedded users by showing how their ideas differ from ideas from other relevant sources of innovation. Our findings contribute also to research on external users' compared to employees' ideas as inputs to new product development and the literature on individual knowledge recombination for innovation.
机译：外部主要用户的想法对公司很有价值，但由于它们位于组织边界之外而难以访问。该问题的潜在解决方案是在组织内雇用主要用户，即使用内部/嵌入式主要用户。由于他们具有链接有关需求和解决方案的知识的能力，因此与外部主要用户或普通员工相比，内部主要用户可以产生更好的想法。我们使用864名员工（283个创意）和239个用户（66个创意）的样本来测试家电行业的这种推测。我们发现内部主要用户的想法比普通员工和使用者的想法质量高，但是-出乎意料的是，外部主要用户的想法质量低。这些发现通过显示内部/嵌入式用户的想法与其他相关创新来源的想法有何不同，有助于研究。我们的发现还有助于研究外部用户与员工的想法（作为新产品开发的投入）以及有关个人知识重组以创新的文献的比较。

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