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The effects of university rules on spinoff creation: The case of academia in Italy

机译：大学规则对衍生公司创造的影响：意大利的学术界案例

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摘要

The economics literature provides rich evidence on the convergence between the institutional factors and individual-level characteristics influencing the involvement of academia in knowledge transfer activities and spinoff creation. However, little is known about the effects of internal university regulations on academic entrepreneurship. In the last ten years, spinoff activity from academia in Italy has been intensive and most academic institutions have policies related to the regulation of academic entrepreneurship practices, known as 'Regolamento Spinoff. This paper investigates the impact of the set of university rules governing the creation of spinoffs, on institutional capability to generate new ventures. Based on panel-data analysis using detailed university-level data on academic spinoffs, we identify three classes of institutionally-defined rules that can motivate faculty members to establish a spinoff company. These are: general rules and procedures; rules regulating monetary incentives; rules related to the entrepreneurial risk. We find that at least some rules pertaining to each of these three classes have some effect on spinoff creation. In particular, we find that monetary incentives play a significant role in promoting academic spinoff activity, and that overly-restrictive university rules regarding contract research have a negative effect on spinoff creation.
机译：经济学文献为影响学术界参与知识转移活动和衍生产品创造的制度因素和个人层面特征之间的趋同提供了丰富的证据。但是，关于大学内部法规对学术创业的影响知之甚少。在过去十年中，意大利学术界的衍生活动一直很活跃，大多数学术机构都制定了与规范学术企业家行为有关的政策，即“ Regolamento衍生活动”。本文研究了管理衍生公司创建的一系列大学规则对产生新企业的机构能力的影响。基于小组数据分析，使用详细的大学水平数据得出关于学术衍生公司的信息，我们确定了三类机构定义的规则，这些规则可以激励教职员工建立一个衍生公司。它们是：一般规则和程序；规范货币奖励的规则；与创业风险有关的规则。我们发现，至少与这三个类有关的规则对衍生产品的创建有一定影响。尤其是，我们发现，金钱激励措施在促进学术衍生活动方面起着重要作用，而对合同研究过度限制的大学规则对衍生活动的产生具有负面影响。

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