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Economic impact of entrepreneurial universities' activities: An exploratory study of the United Kingdom

机译：创业型大学活动的经济影响：联合王国的一项探索性研究

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摘要

Throughout economic history, institutions have established the rules that shape human interaction. In this sense, political, socio-cultural, and economic issues respond to particular forces: managed economy or entrepreneurial economy. In the entrepreneurial economy, the dominant production factor is knowledge capital that is the source of competitive advantage, which is complemented by entrepreneurship capital, representing the capacity to engage in and generate entrepreneurial activity. Thus, an entrepreneurial economy generates scenarios in which its members can explore and exploit economic opportunities and knowledge to promote new entrepreneurial phenomena that have not been previously visualised. In this context, the entrepreneurial university serves as a conduit of spillovers contributing to economic and social development through its multiple missions of teaching, research, and entrepreneurial activities. In particular, the outcomes of its missions are associated with the determinants of production functions (e.g. human capital, knowledge capital, social capital, and entrepreneurship capital). All these themes are still considerate potentially in the research agenda in academic entrepreneurship literature. This paper modestly tries to contribute to a better understanding of the economic impact of entrepreneurial universities' teaching, research, and entrepreneurial activities. Taking an endogenous growth perspective, the proposed conceptual model is tested using data collected from 2005 to 2007 for 147 universities located in 74 Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics-3 (NUTS-3) regions of the United Kingdom. The results of this exploratory analysis show the positive and significant economic impact of teaching, research, and entrepreneurial activities. Interestingly, the higher economic impact of the United Kingdom's entrepreneurial universities (the Russell Group) is explained by entrepreneurial spin-offs. However, our control group composed by the rest of the country's universities, the highest economic impact is associated with knowledge transfer (knowledge capital).
机译：在整个经济历史中，机构都建立了影响人类互动的规则。从这个意义上讲，政治，社会文化和经济问题是对特定力量的回应：管理经济或企业经济。在企业家经济中，占主导地位的生产要素是知识资本，它是竞争优势的源泉，再加上企业家资本，代表了从事和产生企业家活动的能力。因此，企业家经济产生了这样的场景，在该场景中，其成员可以探索和利用经济机会和知识来促进以前没有看到的新的企业家现象。在这种情况下，创业大学通过其教学，研究和创业活动的多重任务，为溢出效应的传播渠道，为经济和社会发展做出了贡献。特别是，其任务的结果与生产功能的决定因素（例如人力资本，知识资本，社会资本和企业家资本）相关。所有这些主题在学术创业文献中的研究议程中仍然具有潜在的考虑性。本文谦虚地试图有助于更好地理解创业型大学的教学，研究和创业活动的经济影响。从内生性增长的角度来看，使用从2005年至2007年收集的数据对来自英国74个统计单位（NUTS-3）的74个地域单位命名法中的147所大学的数据进行了测试。这项探索性分析的结果显示了教学，研究和企业家活动对经济产生的积极影响。有趣的是，英国的创业型大学（罗素集团）对经济产生了更高的影响，这可以通过创业型的分拆来解释。但是，我们的控制小组由该国其他大学组成，其最大的经济影响与知识转移（知识资本）相关。

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